Fengtai District, YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Xitoutiao, Youanmen wai, Beijing, China.
Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.
J Transl Med. 2022 Jan 3;20(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s12967-021-03215-4.
Exosomal miRNAs have attracted much attention due to their critical role in regulating genes and the altered expression of miRNAs in virtually all cancers affecting humans (Sun et al. in Mol Cancer 17(1):14, 2018). Exosomal miRNAs modulate processes that interfere with cancer immunity and microenvironment, and are significantly involved in tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and drug resistance. Fully investigating the detailed mechanism of miRNAs in the occurrence and development of various cancers could help not only in the treatment of cancers but also in the prevention of malignant diseases. The current review highlighted recently published advances regarding cancer-derived exosomes, e.g., sorting and delivery mechanisms for RNAs. Exosomal miRNAs that modulate cancer cell-to-cell communication, impacting tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis and multiple biological features, were discussed. Finally, the potential role of exosomal miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic molecular markers was summarized, as well as their usefulness in detecting cancer resistance to therapeutic agents.
外泌体 miRNAs 因其在调节基因方面的关键作用以及几乎所有影响人类的癌症中 miRNAs 的异常表达而备受关注 (Sun 等人，Mol Cancer 17(1):14, 2018)。外泌体 miRNAs 调节干扰癌症免疫和微环境的过程，并且显著参与肿瘤生长、侵袭、转移、血管生成和耐药性。充分研究 miRNAs 在各种癌症发生和发展中的详细机制不仅有助于癌症的治疗，也有助于恶性疾病的预防。本综述重点介绍了最近关于癌症衍生的外泌体的研究进展，例如 RNA 的分选和递药机制。讨论了调节癌细胞间通讯、影响肿瘤生长、血管生成、转移和多种生物学特征的外泌体 miRNAs。最后，总结了外泌体 miRNAs 作为诊断和预后分子标志物的潜在作用，以及它们在检测癌症对治疗药物的耐药性方面的用途。
