Department of Brain Sciences, Centre for Psychedelic Research, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
J Psychopharmacol. 2022 Jan;36(1):31-45. doi: 10.1177/02698811211066709. Epub 2022 Jan 5.
As their name suggests, 'psychedelic' (mind-revealing) compounds are thought to catalyse processes of psychological insight; however, few satisfactory scales exist to sample this. This study sought to develop a new scale to measure psychological insight a psychedelic experience: the Psychological Insight Scale (PIS).
The PIS is a six- to seven-item questionnaire that enquires about psychological insight a psychedelic experience (PIS-6) and accompanied behavioural changes (PIS item 7). In total, 886 participants took part in a study in which the PIS and other questionnaires were completed in a prospective fashion in relation to a planned psychedelic experience. For validation purposes, data from 279 participants were analysed from a non-specific 'global psychedelic survey' study.
Principal components analysis of PIS scores revealed a principal component explaining 73.57% of the variance, which displayed high internal consistency at multiple timepoints throughout the study (average Cronbach's α = 0.94). Criterion validity was confirmed using the global psychedelic survey study, and convergent validity was confirmed via the Therapeutic-Realizations Scale. Furthermore, PIS scores significantly mediated the relationship between emotional breakthrough and long-term well-being.
The PIS is complementary to current subjective measures used in psychedelic studies, most of which are completed in relation to the acute experience. Insight - as measured by the PIS - was found to be a key mediator of long-term psychological outcomes following a psychedelic experience. Future research may investigate how insight varies throughout a psychedelic process, its underlying neurobiology and how it impacts behaviour and mental health.
顾名思义，“致幻的”（揭示精神的）化合物被认为可以促进心理洞察的过程；然而，目前还没有令人满意的量表来对此进行采样。本研究旨在开发一种新的量表来衡量心理洞察力——致幻体验：心理洞察量表（PIS）。
PIS 是一个六到七个项目的问卷，询问关于心理洞察力——致幻体验（PIS-6）和伴随的行为变化（PIS 项目 7）。总共有 886 名参与者参与了一项研究，在这项研究中，PIS 和其他问卷以前瞻性的方式与计划的致幻体验相关联。为了验证目的，从非特定的“全球致幻调查”研究中分析了 279 名参与者的数据。
PIS 分数的主成分分析显示，一个主成分解释了 73.57%的方差，在整个研究过程中的多个时间点都显示出了很高的内部一致性（平均 Cronbach's α=0.94）。使用全球致幻调查研究证实了效标效度，通过治疗实现量表证实了收敛效度。此外，PIS 分数显著中介了情感突破和长期幸福感之间的关系。
PIS 是对当前用于致幻研究的主观测量方法的补充，这些方法大多是在与急性体验相关的情况下完成的。通过 PIS 衡量的洞察力被发现是致幻体验后长期心理结果的关键中介。未来的研究可能会调查洞察力如何在致幻过程中变化，它的潜在神经生物学以及它如何影响行为和心理健康。
