Srinivasan Mirra, Hamouda Ranim K, Ambedkar Baba, Arzoun Hadia I, Sahib Isra, Fondeur Jack, Escudero Mendez Lisbeth, Mohammed Lubna
Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.
Pathology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.
Cureus. 2021 Dec 2;13(12):e20119. doi: 10.7759/cureus.20119. eCollection 2021 Dec.
Over the past decade, the consumption of marijuana or any other form of cannabis, whether medically, recreationally, or illegally, has been escalating worldwide. The additive effect of marijuana and the easy availability could make this increasing trend possible for imperceptible outcomes affecting one's physiology on multiple levels. The rationale of this review is to study and enumerate several effects marijuana may have on male reproductive organs, especially in men who are dealing with subfertility or infertility issues. A literature search was done from September 1, 2021, to September 14, 2021, using the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE), University of California, Santa Barbara Library, and PubMed Central. The studies included in this review comprised systematic reviews, cross-sectional, case-control, cohort, and longitudinal studies published during 2010-2021 in the English language. After an extensive review of all studies, the quality was assessed using appropriate quality appraisal tools, and 15 eligible reports were identified and included. In-depth research on the final studies concluded that marijuana seems to have specific adverse effects on the sperm parameters, namely, sperm count, concentration, motility, morphology, capacitation, and viability, thus affecting fertility in men. Certain hormone levels, including testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone, also drew attention, potentially impacting men's fertility; however, a finite inference could not be substantiated by the studies. Although the studies show significant effects in sperm parameters and organic sexual dysfunction, it is also to be noted that these studies are observational only and are conducted in small groups in multicenter geographical locations where other lifestyle patterns could be confounding. Given this restriction, it is suggested that further human trials on a larger scale be conducted to provide an even more concrete conclusion, especially after considering other factors that may affect the generalization of these trials.
在过去十年中，大麻或任何其他形式的大麻消费，无论是用于医疗、娱乐还是非法用途，在全球范围内都在不断升级。大麻的累加效应以及其易于获取的特性，可能使这种上升趋势成为可能，从而在多个层面上对人的生理产生难以察觉的影响。本综述的目的是研究并列举大麻可能对男性生殖器官产生的几种影响，特别是对那些面临生育力低下或不育问题的男性。我们于2021年9月1日至2021年9月14日进行了文献检索，使用了以下数据库：PubMed、谷歌学术、比勒费尔德学术搜索引擎（BASE）、加利福尼亚大学圣巴巴拉分校图书馆和PubMed Central。本综述纳入的研究包括2010年至2021年期间以英文发表的系统评价、横断面研究、病例对照研究、队列研究和纵向研究。在对所有研究进行广泛审查后，使用适当的质量评估工具对质量进行了评估，确定并纳入了15份符合条件的报告。对最终研究的深入调查得出结论，大麻似乎对精子参数有特定的不利影响，即精子数量、浓度、活力、形态、获能和生存能力，从而影响男性的生育能力。某些激素水平，包括睾酮、促黄体生成素和促卵泡生成素，也引起了关注，可能会影响男性的生育能力；然而，这些研究无法证实明确的推断。尽管研究表明大麻对精子参数和器质性性功能障碍有显著影响，但也需要注意的是，这些研究仅是观察性的，且是在多中心地理位置的小群体中进行的，其他生活方式模式可能会产生混淆作用。鉴于这一限制，建议进行更大规模的进一步人体试验，以得出更具体的结论，特别是在考虑了其他可能影响这些试验普遍性的因素之后。
