Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Capio Biosciences, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2022 May;14(3):e1770. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1770. Epub 2022 Jan 4.
The development of minimally invasive tests for cancer diagnosis and prognosis will aid in the research of new treatments and improve survival rates. Liquid biopsies seek to derive actionable information from tumor material found in routine blood samples. The relative scarcity of tumor material in this complex mixture makes isolating and detecting cancerous material such as proteins, circulating tumor DNA, exosomes, and whole circulating tumor cells a challenge for device engineers. This review describes the chemistry and applications of branched and hyperbranched to improve the performance of liquid biopsy devices. These polymers can improve the performance of a liquid biopsy through several mechanisms. For example, polymers designed to increase the affinity of capture enhance device sensitivity. On the other hand, polymers designed to increase binding avidity or repel nonspecific adsorption enhance device specificity. Branched and hyperbranched polymers can also be used to amplify the signal from small amounts of detected material. The further development of hyperbranched polymers in liquid biopsy applications will enhance device capabilities and help these critical technologies reach the oncology clinic where they are sorely needed. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices.
微创癌症诊断和预后检测方法的发展有助于研究新的治疗方法并提高生存率。液体活检试图从常规血液样本中发现的肿瘤物质中获取可操作的信息。在这种复杂混合物中，肿瘤物质相对较少，因此对于器件工程师来说，分离和检测蛋白质、循环肿瘤 DNA、外泌体和整个循环肿瘤细胞等癌变物质是一项挑战。本文综述了支化和超支化聚合物在提高液体活检器件性能方面的应用。这些聚合物可以通过几种机制来提高液体活检的性能。例如，设计用于提高亲和力的聚合物可以提高器件的灵敏度。另一方面，设计用于提高结合亲合力或排斥非特异性吸附的聚合物可以提高器件的特异性。支化和超支化聚合物还可用于放大从少量检测到的材料中获得的信号。在液体活检应用中进一步开发超支化聚合物将增强器件的功能，并帮助这些关键技术进入癌症临床，在那里它们是急需的。本文属于以下分类：诊断工具 > 生物传感诊断工具 > 诊断纳米器件。
