Gu Leilei, Fei Fei, Xu Yibo, Wang Shubo, Yuan Ningyi, Ding Jianning
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2022 Jan 19;14(2):2949-2957. doi: 10.1021/acsami.1c22128. Epub 2022 Jan 5.
The removal of precursor solvents in perovskite wet films plays a vital role in controlling the quality of perovskite films and devices. The dripping antisolvent method (removing precursor solvents) has made great advances in small-area devices, but this method limits the preparation of large-area perovskite films. Vacuum quenching that evaporates solvents by dropping the pressure is a potential large-area manufacturing approach. Herein, we have conducted a systematic comparative study on these two methods of depositing perovskite films. It is found that vacuum quenching can obtain the same film quality and small-area device efficiency (∼22.5%) as the antisolvent method. However, on a large-area substrate, the fast vacuum quenching rate improves the solvent evaporation efficiency and nucleation density (i.e., forming a large number of crystal nuclei), thereby obtaining a more uniform and stable perovskite film. Notably, the manufacture window exceeds 10 min. As a result, the champion large-area (6 × 6 cm) perovskite solar module exhibits an impressive efficiency (17.86%) and long-term operational stability. Furthermore, coupling slot-die coating, vacuum quenching can realize the industrial continuous deposition of large-area perovskite films, which is a potential route for large-scale production.
去除钙钛矿湿膜中的前驱体溶剂对于控制钙钛矿薄膜及器件的质量起着至关重要的作用。滴加反溶剂法（去除前驱体溶剂）在小面积器件方面取得了巨大进展，但该方法限制了大面积钙钛矿薄膜的制备。通过降低压力来蒸发溶剂的真空淬火是一种潜在的大面积制造方法。在此，我们对这两种沉积钙钛矿薄膜的方法进行了系统的对比研究。结果发现，真空淬火能够获得与反溶剂法相同的薄膜质量和小面积器件效率（约22.5%）。然而，在大面积基板上，快速的真空淬火速率提高了溶剂蒸发效率和成核密度（即形成大量晶核），从而获得更均匀、稳定的钙钛矿薄膜。值得注意的是，制造窗口超过10分钟。因此，最优的大面积（6×6厘米）钙钛矿太阳能组件展现出了令人印象深刻的效率（17.86%）和长期运行稳定性。此外，结合狭缝式涂布，真空淬火能够实现大面积钙钛矿薄膜的工业连续沉积，这是大规模生产的一条潜在途径。
