Abbas Mazhar, Zeng Linxiang, Guo Fei, Rauf Muhammad, Yuan Xiao-Cong, Cai Boyuan
Nanophotonics Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China.
Materials (Basel). 2020 Oct 29;13(21):4851. doi: 10.3390/ma13214851.
Although the efficiency of small-size perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has reached an incredible level of 25.25%, there is still a substantial loss in performance when switching from small size devices to large-scale solar modules. The large efficiency deficit is primarily associated with the big challenge of coating homogeneous, large-area, high-quality thin films via scalable processes. Here, we provide a comprehensive understanding of the nucleation and crystal growth kinetics, which are the key steps for perovskite film formation. Several thin-film crystallization techniques, including antisolvent, hot-casting, vacuum quenching, and gas blowing, are then summarized to distinguish their applications for scalable fabrication of perovskite thin films. In viewing the essential importance of the film morphology on device performance, several strategies including additive engineering, Lewis acid-based approach, solvent annealing, etc., which are capable of modulating the crystal morphology of perovskite film, are discussed. Finally, we summarize the recent progress in the scalable deposition of large-scale perovskite thin film for high-performance devices.
尽管小尺寸钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）的效率已达到令人难以置信的25.25%，但从小尺寸器件转换为大规模太阳能模块时，性能仍存在大幅损失。较大的效率差距主要与通过可扩展工艺涂覆均匀、大面积、高质量薄膜这一巨大挑战相关。在此，我们全面了解了成核和晶体生长动力学，这是钙钛矿薄膜形成的关键步骤。然后总结了几种薄膜结晶技术，包括反溶剂法、热铸法、真空淬火法和吹气法，以区分它们在可扩展制备钙钛矿薄膜中的应用。鉴于薄膜形态对器件性能至关重要，讨论了几种能够调节钙钛矿薄膜晶体形态的策略，包括添加剂工程、基于路易斯酸的方法、溶剂退火等。最后，我们总结了用于高性能器件的大规模钙钛矿薄膜可扩展沉积的最新进展。
