Alqahtani Saad M, Alatawi Amani S, Alalawi Yousef S
Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, SAU.
Department of Surgery, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Tabuk, SAU.
Cureus. 2021 Nov 29;13(11):e20006. doi: 10.7759/cureus.20006. eCollection 2021 Nov.
Introduction Thyroidectomy is a frequent operation performed worldwide. The most common complication following thyroid surgery is hypocalcemia, caused by transient or persistent hypoparathyroidism. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy and to identify potential risk factors. Methods All thyroidectomies performed at a single tertiary center between 2012 and 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia was evaluated in relation to risk factors such as age, sex, procedure type, and type of thyroid disease. Data were extracted from patient medical records. Patients with pre-operative hypocalcemia were excluded. Results We enrolled 182 patients who underwent thyroidectomy. Female patients comprised 83% (n = 151) of the total patients. Of all patients, 116 (63.7%) had developed post-operative temporary hypocalcemia and three (1.6%) had persistent hypocalcemia. Remarkably, no cases of mortality were reported. There was no significant relationship between the occurrence of hypocalcemia and age, type of thyroid disease, and sex. Conversely, there was a significant relationship between the development of hypocalcemia and the type of procedure (P < 0.001). Conclusion Thyroidectomy is a safe surgery with few complications when performed by a skilled surgeon. These complications result in longer hospital stays and higher costs. The most common post-thyroidectomy complication was hypocalcemia. Furthermore, patients who underwent total thyroidectomy were at the greatest risk of developing post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia.
引言
甲状腺切除术是全球范围内常见的手术。甲状腺手术后最常见的并发症是低钙血症，由短暂性或持续性甲状旁腺功能减退引起。本研究旨在调查甲状腺切除术后低钙血症的患病率，并确定潜在风险因素。
方法
回顾性分析2012年至2017年在一家三级中心进行的所有甲状腺切除术。根据年龄、性别、手术类型和甲状腺疾病类型等风险因素评估甲状腺切除术后低钙血症情况。数据从患者病历中提取。排除术前低钙血症患者。
结果
我们纳入了182例行甲状腺切除术的患者。女性患者占总患者数的83%（n = 151）。所有患者中，116例（63.7%）出现术后暂时性低钙血症，3例（1.6%）出现持续性低钙血症。值得注意的是，未报告死亡病例。低钙血症的发生与年龄、甲状腺疾病类型和性别之间无显著关系。相反，低钙血症的发生与手术类型之间存在显著关系（P < 0.001）。
结论
由熟练外科医生进行甲状腺切除术是一种安全的手术，并发症较少。这些并发症会导致住院时间延长和费用增加。甲状腺切除术后最常见的并发症是低钙血症。此外，接受全甲状腺切除术的患者发生甲状腺切除术后低钙血症的风险最高。
