Nafees Muhammad, Ullah Sami, Ahmed Iftikhar
Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan.
National Culture Collection of Pakistan, Bio-resources Conservation Institute (BCI), National Agriculture Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Microsc Res Tech. 2022 May;85(5):1856-1869. doi: 10.1002/jemt.24047. Epub 2022 Jan 7.
Drought is the greatest threat to world food security, seen as the catalyst for the great famines of the past. Given that the world's water supply is limited, it is likely that future demand of food for increasing population will further exacerbate the drought effects. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the effect of biochar and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) Sphingobacterium pakistanensis (NCCP246) and Cellulomonas pakistanensis (NCCP11) on agronomic and physiological attributes of Vicia faba two varieties Desi (V1) and Pulista (V2) under induced drought stress. The seeds were sown in earthen pots filled with 3 kg sand and soil (1:2), and biochar (0 and 5% w/w) in triplicate arranged in complete randomized design. Analysis of biochar possessed 0.49 g cm bulk density, 9.6 pH; 5.4 cmol kg cation exchange capacity, 3.64% organic carbon and EC 6.7 ds/m. Agronomic attributes including seed LAI, LAR, SVI, %PHSI and RWC were improved by 30.4-180.4%, 14.37-47.20%, 37.64-50.91%, 18.21-30.80, and 35.82-54.34% in both varieties by the co-application of biochar and PGPR. Stomatal physiology and epidermal vigor was successfully improved by the application of PGPR and biochar as analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Photosynthetic pigments, flavonoids, phenols, proline and glycine betaine were amplified by 58.33-173.8%, 50.59-130.33%, 46.58-86.62%, 46.66-109.30%, 35.74-56.10%, and 21.96-77.22% in both varieties by the co-application of biochar and PGPR. So, the present work concluded that, combined application of biochar and PGPR could be an effective strategy to alleviate the adversities of drought in V. faba growing in drastic ecosystems.
干旱是对世界粮食安全的最大威胁，被视为过去大饥荒的催化剂。鉴于世界水资源供应有限，未来不断增长的人口对粮食的需求可能会进一步加剧干旱影响。因此，本研究旨在调查生物炭和植物促生根际细菌（PGPR）巴基斯坦鞘氨醇杆菌（NCCP246）和巴基斯坦纤维单胞菌（NCCP11）对诱导干旱胁迫下蚕豆两个品种德西（V1）和普利斯塔（V2）农艺和生理特性的影响。将种子播种在装有3千克沙子和土壤（1:2）以及生物炭（0和5% w/w）的陶土盆中，一式三份，采用完全随机设计。生物炭分析显示其具有0.49克/立方厘米的堆积密度、9.6的pH值、5.4厘摩/千克的阳离子交换容量、3.64%的有机碳以及6.7毫西门子/米的电导率。通过生物炭和PGPR的共同施用，两个品种的农艺特性包括种子叶面积指数、叶面积比、种子活力指数、相对株高生长指数和相对含水量分别提高了30.4 - 180.4%、14.37 - 47.20%、37.64 - 50.91%、18.21 - 30.80以及35.82 - 54.34%。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析，PGPR和生物炭的施用成功改善了气孔生理和表皮活力。通过生物炭和PGPR的共同施用，两个品种的光合色素、类黄酮、酚类、脯氨酸和甘氨酸甜菜碱分别增加了58.33 - 173.8%、50.59 - 130.33%、46.58 - 86.62%、46.66 - 109.30%、35.74 - 56.10%以及21.96 - 77.22%。因此，本研究得出结论，生物炭和PGPR的联合应用可能是缓解在极端生态系统中生长蚕豆干旱逆境的有效策略。
