Figueiredo Célia Cristina Malaguti, da Costa Gomes Amanda, Granero Filipe Oliveira, Bronzel Junior João Luiz, Silva Luciana Pereira, Ximenes Valdecir Farias, da Silva Regildo Márcio Gonçalves
Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-060, Brazil.
Educational Foundation of the City of Assis, Assis, São Paulo 19807-130, Brazil.
J Integr Med. 2022 Mar;20(2):153-162. doi: 10.1016/j.joim.2021.12.003. Epub 2021 Dec 16.
The present study investigated antiglycation and antioxidant activities of crude dry extract and saponin fraction of Tribulus terrestris. It also developed a method of microencapsulation and evaluated antiglycation and antioxidant activities of crude dry extract and saponin fraction before and after microcapsule release.
Antiglycation activity was determined by relative electrophoretic mobility (REM), free amino groups and inhibition of advanced glycation end-product (AGE) formation. Antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), nitric oxide (NO) and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) tests. Microcapsules were prepared using maltodextrin as wall material and freeze-drying as encapsulation technique. Morphological characterization of microcapsules was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, and encapsulation efficiency and microcapsule release were determined by total saponins released. Antiglycation and antioxidant assays were performed using crude dry extract and saponin fraction of T. terrestris before and after release.
Saponin fraction showed an increase of 32.8% total saponins. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed the presence of saponins in the obtained fraction. Antiglycation evaluation by REM demonstrated that samples before and after release presented antiglycation activity similar to bovine serum albumin treated with aminoguanidine. Additionally, samples inhibited AGE formation, highlighting treatment with saponin fraction after release (89.89%). Antioxidant tests demonstrated antioxidant activity of the samples. Crude dry extract before encapsulation presented the highest activities in DPPH (92.00%) and TBARS (32.49%) assays. Saponin fraction before encapsulation in FRAP test (499 μmol Trolox equivalent per gram of dry sample) and NO test (15.13 μmol nitrite formed per gram of extract) presented the highest activities.
This study presented antiglycation activity of crude dry extract and saponin fraction of T. terrestris, besides it demonstrated promising antioxidant properties. It also showed that the encapsulation method was efficient and maintained biological activity of bioactive compounds after microcapsule release. These results provide information for further studies on antidiabetic and antiaging potential, and data for new herbal medicine and food supplement formulations containing microcapsules with crude extract and/or saponin fraction of T. terrestris.
本研究调查了刺蒺藜粗提物和皂苷组分的抗糖化及抗氧化活性。还开发了一种微囊化方法，并评估了微囊释放前后粗提物和皂苷组分的抗糖化及抗氧化活性。
通过相对电泳迁移率（REM）、游离氨基和晚期糖基化终产物（AGE）形成抑制来测定抗糖化活性。通过2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼（DPPH）、铁离子还原抗氧化能力（FRAP）、一氧化氮（NO）和硫代巴比妥酸反应性物质（TBARS）试验来测定抗氧化活性。以麦芽糊精为壁材，采用冷冻干燥法制备微囊。通过扫描电子显微镜对微囊进行形态表征，通过释放的总皂苷来测定包封率和微囊释放情况。使用刺蒺藜粗提物和皂苷组分在释放前后进行抗糖化和抗氧化测定。
皂苷组分的总皂苷含量增加了32.8%。高效液相色谱-质谱分析表明所得组分中存在皂苷。通过REM进行的抗糖化评估表明，释放前后的样品均呈现出与用氨基胍处理的牛血清白蛋白相似的抗糖化活性。此外，样品抑制AGE的形成，释放后用皂苷组分处理的效果尤为突出（89.89%）。抗氧化试验证明了样品的抗氧化活性。包封前的粗提物在DPPH（92.00%）和TBARS（32.49%）试验中表现出最高活性。包封前的皂苷组分在FRAP试验（每克干样品499 μmol Trolox当量）和NO试验（每克提取物形成15.13 μmol亚硝酸盐）中表现出最高活性。
本研究展示了刺蒺藜粗提物和皂苷组分的抗糖化活性，此外还证明了其具有良好的抗氧化特性。还表明包封方法有效，且微囊释放后生物活性化合物的生物活性得以保持。这些结果为进一步研究其抗糖尿病和抗衰老潜力提供了信息，也为含有刺蒺藜粗提物和/或皂苷组分微囊的新型草药和食品补充剂配方提供了数据。
