Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 661 Huanghe 2nd Road, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, People's Republic of China.
Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264000, People's Republic of China.
Inflammation. 2022 Apr;45(2):739-752. doi: 10.1007/s10753-021-01580-2. Epub 2022 Jan 8.
Plasma cell mastitis (PCM) and granulomatous mastitis (GM) are the most common inflammatory diseases constituting nonbacterial mastitis (NBM). However, the pathogenesis of NBM remains unclear. In this study, risk factors for NBM were assessed, as well as the pathological features of PCM and GM. The levels of C3/C3a-C3aR and C5/C5a-C5aR1 of tissues were detected by IHC and WB. Exosomes were isolated from serum and identified by transmission electron microscopy. Then, C3 and C5 levels were detected in peripheral blood, and exosomes were assessed by flow cytometry and immunoelectron microscopy. Obesity and prolonged lactation were risk factors for NBM. The infiltration of plasma cells and lymphocytes around the dilated catheter in PCM and the formation of granulomatous structures in GM were the respective pathological features. C3/C3a-C3aR and C5/C5a-C5aR1 levels were elevated in PCM and GM tissue samples. There were no differences in peripheral blood levels of C3 and C5, while C3a and C5a were highly expressed in exosomes. These results suggest that the complement family is activated in PCM and GM, exosomes enrich C3a and C5a, and mediate the spread of inflammation. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of PCM and GM and identify therapeutic targets.
浆细胞性乳腺炎（PCM）和肉芽肿性乳腺炎（GM）是最常见的非细菌性乳腺炎（NBM）炎症性疾病。然而，NBM 的发病机制仍不清楚。本研究评估了 NBM 的危险因素，以及 PCM 和 GM 的病理特征。通过免疫组化和 WB 检测组织中 C3/C3a-C3aR 和 C5/C5a-C5aR1 的水平。通过透射电子显微镜从血清中分离外泌体，并进行鉴定。然后，通过流式细胞术和免疫电子显微镜检测外周血中的 C3 和 C5 水平，并对外泌体进行评估。肥胖和哺乳期延长是 NBM 的危险因素。PCM 中导管扩张周围浆细胞和淋巴细胞浸润，GM 中形成肉芽肿性结构是各自的病理特征。PCM 和 GM 组织样本中 C3/C3a-C3aR 和 C5/C5a-C5aR1 水平升高。外周血 C3 和 C5 水平无差异，而 C3a 和 C5a 在外泌体中高表达。这些结果表明，补体家族在 PCM 和 GM 中被激活，外泌体富集 C3a 和 C5a，并介导炎症的扩散。这些发现为 PCM 和 GM 的分子机制提供了新的见解，并确定了治疗靶点。
