Liang Zhebin, Zhang Lifeng
Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Immun Inflamm Dis. 2025 Apr;13(4):e70199. doi: 10.1002/iid3.70199.
Plasma cell mastitis (PCM), also termed mammary duct ectasia, is a chronic nonbacterial inflammatory disease characterized by mammary duct dilation and plasma cell infiltration. Due to its varied and nonspecific clinical presentation, PCM is frequently misdiagnosed as breast cancer, complicating clinical management.
This review aims to summarize recent advances in the understanding of PCM, focusing on its etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment strategies, as well as clarifying differential diagnostic points with granulomatous mastitis (GLM).
We reviewed recent literature highlighting clinical characteristics, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic options related to PCM, including comparative studies addressing differences between PCM and GLM.
Recent progress has enhanced understanding of PCM's clinical and pathological features, yet distinguishing PCM from GLM remains clinically challenging due to overlapping presentations. An integrated approach involving clinical evaluation, imaging modalities, and histopathological examination is recommended to improve diagnostic accuracy and clinical outcomes.
Further investigation into the pathogenesis of PCM is essential for developing more precise diagnostic criteria and effective treatments, ultimately improving patient prognosis and reducing misdiagnosis.
浆细胞性乳腺炎（PCM），也称为乳腺导管扩张症，是一种慢性非细菌性炎症性疾病，其特征为乳腺导管扩张和浆细胞浸润。由于其临床表现多样且不具有特异性，浆细胞性乳腺炎常被误诊为乳腺癌，从而使临床治疗变得复杂。
本综述旨在总结对浆细胞性乳腺炎认识的最新进展，重点关注其病因、临床表现、诊断和治疗策略，以及明确与肉芽肿性乳腺炎（GLM）的鉴别诊断要点。
我们回顾了近期突出浆细胞性乳腺炎临床特征、诊断方法和治疗选择的文献，包括针对浆细胞性乳腺炎与肉芽肿性乳腺炎差异的比较研究。
最近的进展增进了对浆细胞性乳腺炎临床和病理特征的理解，但由于表现重叠，在临床上将浆细胞性乳腺炎与肉芽肿性乳腺炎区分开来仍然具有挑战性。建议采用包括临床评估、影像学检查和组织病理学检查在内的综合方法，以提高诊断准确性和临床疗效。
进一步研究浆细胞性乳腺炎的发病机制对于制定更精确的诊断标准和有效的治疗方法至关重要，最终可改善患者预后并减少误诊。
