Cellular kinetics of delayed hypersensitivity test reactions to topical glucocorticosteroids.

The phenotypes of the infiltrating cells in 13 patients with delayed hypersensitivity to topical glucocorticosteroids (GCS) were studied from sequential biopsies of positive epicutaneous test reactions by using the avidin-biotin-complex (ABC) technique. Monoclonal antibodies were used to identify the cells with the following phenotypes: T3, T4/T4a, T6, T8, T9, T11, M1, Ia1 (HLA-DR), interleukin-2 receptor/T26a, and dendritic reticular cell. The cellular kinetics of GCS hypersensitivity reactions were compared with delayed hypersensitivity reactions caused by allergens not related to GCS. In both GCS and non-GCS reactions the epidermal dendritic T6+ cells were more numerous than dendritic Ia1+ cells. There was a decrease in the number of both cell types during these reactions; in GCS reactions the decrease in the number of T6+ cells was seen later than in non-GCS reactions. Ia1+ keratinocytes were seen at sites near dermal infiltrates. Compared with the non-GCS delayed hypersensitivity reaction, there were fewer pan T (T11+/T3+) in the GCS reaction. The relative numbers of M1+ monocytes and the T4/T8 ratio were substantially lower in the latter; these findings can be explained as a GCS effect which modulates the delayed type hypersensitivity reaction.