Department of Paediatrics and Allergy, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, 90-329, Lodz, Poland.
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Hazards, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348, Lodz, Poland.
Environ Res. 2022 May 15;208:112682. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112682. Epub 2022 Jan 6.
The impact of maternal diet during pregnancy on the risk of allergic diseases in childhood is an increasing scientific and public health concern. We evaluated the associations of maternal type of diet and essential elements and vitamins intake during pregnancy with offspring allergic and respiratory outcomes.
The study population included 557 mother-child pairs from Polish Mother and Child Cohort (REPRO_PL). Based on the Food Frequency Questionnaire filled in between the 20th-24th week of pregnancy, overall maternal diet was evaluated as the difference between the Prudent Dietary Pattern (PDP) score and Western Dietary Pattern (WDP) score ((PDP-WDP) score) and maternal achievement of dietary recommendations (estimated average requirement, EAR) for essential elements and vitamins was assessed. Children's health examination at age of 1, 2, and 7-9 years covered the following symptoms: infections, wheezing/asthma, food allergy, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. At age of 7-9 years, children underwent spirometry and skin-prick tests.
Children of the mothers who were not achieving adequate intake of vitamin C during pregnancy had a higher risk of wheezing and having more than two infections within the first two years of life comparing to those who met EAR (OR = 2.6, p = 0.05, and OR = 2.3, p = 0.04, respectively). Inadequate intake of vitamin E during pregnancy was related to a higher risk of atopic dermatitis (OR = 2.7, p = 0.04), whereas inadequate intake of magnesium during pregnancy was associated with the risk of wheezing in the offspring at age of two years (OR = 3.7, p = 0.03). A lower (PDP-WDP) score during pregnancy (indicating unhealthier diet) was associated with a higher risk of infections (OR = 1.5, p = 0.007) but a lower risk of atopic dermatitis (OR = 0.7, p = 0.02) at age of 7-9 years.
These results may contribute to the body of evidence for the impact of maternal diet during pregnancy for children's optimal health, however further studies are needed before drawing conclusions and recommendations for clinical practice.
孕期母体饮食对儿童期过敏疾病风险的影响是一个日益受到关注的科学和公共卫生问题。我们评估了孕期母体饮食类型和必需元素及维生素摄入与后代过敏和呼吸道结局的相关性。
研究人群包括来自波兰母婴队列（REPRO_PL）的 557 对母婴。基于孕期 20-24 周填写的食物频率问卷，整体母体饮食通过谨慎饮食模式（PDP）评分与西方饮食模式（WDP）评分之间的差异（PDP-WDP 评分）进行评估，并评估母体对必需元素和维生素的饮食推荐（估计平均需求量，EAR）的达标情况。儿童在 1、2 和 7-9 岁时进行健康检查，涵盖以下症状：感染、喘息/哮喘、食物过敏、过敏性鼻炎和特应性皮炎。在 7-9 岁时，儿童进行了肺功能测定和皮肤点刺试验。
与达到 EAR 的儿童相比，孕期维生素 C 摄入不足的母亲所生的儿童在生命的头两年内喘息发作和感染次数超过两次的风险更高（OR=2.6，p=0.05 和 OR=2.3，p=0.04）。孕期维生素 E 摄入不足与特应性皮炎风险增加相关（OR=2.7，p=0.04），而孕期镁摄入不足与两岁时儿童喘息风险相关（OR=3.7，p=0.03）。孕期（PDP-WDP）评分较低（提示饮食更不健康）与感染风险增加相关（OR=1.5，p=0.007），但与 7-9 岁时特应性皮炎风险降低相关（OR=0.7，p=0.02）。
这些结果可能为孕期母体饮食对儿童最佳健康的影响提供了更多的证据，但在得出结论和为临床实践提供建议之前，还需要进一步的研究。
