Meta-analysis of the effects of smoking prevention programs for young adolescents.

PURPOSE

This meta-analysis aimed to analyze the effects of smoking prevention programs for young adolescents at early smoking stages to identify the appropriate characteristics of prevention programs for this population.

METHODS

Searches of health-related databases and Google Scholar were conducted, and 23 randomized studies were included in the analysis. The main outcome variable was smoking behavior. The analysis was conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (version 3.0).

RESULTS

Smoking prevention programs significantly reduced smoking behaviors (OR=0.85, 95% CI=0.77-0.93). School-based programs (OR=0.79, 95% CI=0.75-0.83), programs by trained teachers or educators (OR=0.77, 95% CI=0.71-0.83), high-intensity programs (OR=0.82, 95% CI=0.75-0.91), and programs in an in-school setting (OR=0.82, 95% CI=0.74-0.90) had the most significant effect on reducing smoking behavior.

CONCLUSION

For young adolescents, smoking prevention programs are most effective when they are school-based or highintensity programs, and when conducted by teachers or educators with proper training. Further studies are required since there was insufficient research to explore the effect of web-based programs or family-centered programs on adolescent smokers.