Tiruneh Sofonyas Abebaw, Gebremariam Alemayehu Digssie, Engidaw Melaku Tadege, Tesfa Desalegn, Dagnaw Fentaw Teshome, Zewde Edgeit Abebe, Azanaw Melkalem Mamuye
Department of Public Health (Epidemiology), College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Department of Public Health (Human Nutrition), College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Heliyon. 2021 Dec 20;7(12):e08643. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08643. eCollection 2021 Dec.
Childhood overweight and/or obesity become a significant public health problem in the 21 century. It is a double burden next to undernutrition and has a dramatic rise in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of overweight and/or obesity and its determinants among under-five children in East African Countries.
Data were retrieved from the recent nationally representative demographic and health survey datasets from eleven East African Countries. A total of 89,091 weighted numbers of under-five children participated. Statistical analysis was performed using the R (Brms R-package) software. Multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression analysis using the Bayesian approach was employed to identify the factors affecting overweight and/or obesity among under-five children.
Overall, 4.59% (95% CI, 4.45-4.73) of under-five children in East African Countries were overweight and/or obese. Under-five children overweight and/or obesity was highest in Comoros and lowest in Burundi. Under-five children aged older than two years (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.65, 95% credible interval (CrI), 0.57-0.73), females (AOR = 0.84, 95% CrI:, 0.75-0.94), under-five children live from rich household wealth status (AOR = 1.25, 95% CrI, 1.06-1.49), under-five children living in Malawi (AOR = 2.60, 95% CrI, 1.49-4.51), Mozambique (AOR = 5.26, 95% CrI, 3.52-7.79), Rwanda (AOR = 5.63, 95% CrI, 3.46-9.08), Tanzania (AOR = 2.15, 95% CrI, 1.47-3.12), and Uganda (AOR = 2.62, 95% CrI, 1.71-3.99) were a significant determinant for under-five overweight and/or obesity.
Overweight and/or obesity among under-five children become a problem in low and middle-income countries. Older under-five children, male sex, children who live in rich household wealth, and children who live in a country in Malawi, Mozambique, Ruanda, Tanzania, and Uganda were significantly affected by overweight and/or obesity. Therefore, in these countries, responsible stakeholders shall give primary attention to curve the alarming increase in overweight and/or obesity among under-five children.
儿童超重和/或肥胖在21世纪已成为一个重大的公共卫生问题。它是营养不良之外的又一沉重负担，并且在低收入和中等收入国家急剧增加。本研究旨在确定东非国家五岁以下儿童超重和/或肥胖的患病率及其决定因素。
数据取自东非11个国家最近具有全国代表性的人口与健康调查数据集。共有89,091名加权后的五岁以下儿童参与。使用R（Brms R包）软件进行统计分析。采用贝叶斯方法进行多变量混合效应逻辑回归分析，以确定影响五岁以下儿童超重和/或肥胖的因素。
总体而言，东非国家4.59%（95%置信区间，4.45 - 4.73）的五岁以下儿童超重和/或肥胖。五岁以下儿童超重和/或肥胖率在科摩罗最高，在布隆迪最低。两岁以上的五岁以下儿童（调整后的优势比（AOR）= 0.65，95%可信区间（CrI），0.57 - 0.73）、女性（AOR = 0.84，95% CrI：，0.75 - 0.94）、来自富裕家庭财富状况家庭的五岁以下儿童（AOR = 1.25，95% CrI，1.06 - 1.49）、生活在马拉维（AOR = 2.60，95% CrI，1.49 - 4.51）、莫桑比克（AOR = 5.26，95% CrI，3.52 - 7.79）、卢旺达（AOR = 5.63，95% CrI，3.46 - 9.08）、坦桑尼亚（AOR = 2.15，95% CrI，1.47 - 3.12）和乌干达（AOR = 2.62，95% CrI，1.71 - 3.99）的五岁以下儿童是五岁以下儿童超重和/或肥胖的重要决定因素。
五岁以下儿童超重和/或肥胖在低收入和中等收入国家已成为一个问题。年龄较大的五岁以下儿童、男性、生活在富裕家庭的儿童以及生活在马拉维、莫桑比克、卢旺达、坦桑尼亚和乌干达的儿童受超重和/或肥胖的影响尤为显著。因此，在这些国家，相关利益攸关方应首要关注遏制五岁以下儿童超重和/或肥胖的惊人增长。
