Amhara Regional Health Bureau, Wogeda Primary Hospital, Wogeda, Amhara, Ethiopia.
Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
BMC Pediatr. 2022 Oct 8;22(1):585. doi: 10.1186/s12887-022-03645-z.
Childhood obesity has become a major public health problem for both developed and developing nations. It is uncommon to find under-nutrition in many low and middle-income countries; as well, obesity is a double burden in these settings. This study aimed to investigate the pooled prevalence of overweight /obesity among under-five (under-5) children in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).
Data were accessed from the recent nationally representative demographic and health survey datasets from 33 SSA Countries. A total of 192,132 under-five children were recruited for this study. The pooled prevalence of overweight /obesity among under-5 was done using random-effects meta-analysis command. Multivariable multi-level mixed-effects logistic regression analysis was used to identify determinants for the prevalence of under-5 overweight and/or obesity. A P-value less than 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance.
The pooled prevalence of overweight /obesity among under-5 was 5.10% (9% CI: 4.45 - 5.76) in SSA. South Africa region (8.80%, 95% CI: 4.18 - 13.42) had a higher prevalence of under-5 overweight and/or obesity followed by the East Africa region. Male under-5 children (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.09, 95 confidence interval (CI): 1.02 - 1.25), Larger birth weight under-5 children (AOR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.26 - 1.54), under-5 children aged older two to three years (AOR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.76 - 0.94), under-5 children born from educated mothers (secondary and above) (AOR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.01 - 1.25), and under-5 children living in the West Africa (AOR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.56 - 0.81) and South Africa (AOR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.09 - 3.21) were significant determinants for under-5 overweight and/or obesity.
Childhood obesity is becoming a great challenge and double burden in developing nations. In SSA Africa 1 in 20 under 5 children were overweight and/or obese. Male under-5 children, older aged, under-5 children born from educated mothers, and under-5 children living in the South Africa region were at higher risk for developing overweight and/or obesity. Thus, SSA countries should implement early to pause these consequences preventing the double burden of undernutrition.
儿童肥胖已成为发达国家和发展中国家的主要公共卫生问题。在许多低收入和中等收入国家，营养不良并不常见；同样，肥胖也是这些国家的双重负担。本研究旨在调查撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA）5 岁以下儿童超重/肥胖的总患病率。
本研究从 33 个 SSA 国家最近的全国代表性人口与健康调查数据集获取数据。共有 192132 名 5 岁以下儿童被纳入本研究。使用随机效应荟萃分析命令计算 5 岁以下儿童超重/肥胖的总患病率。使用多变量多水平混合效应逻辑回归分析确定 5 岁以下儿童超重和/或肥胖的决定因素。P 值小于 0.05 被认为具有统计学意义。
SSA 地区 5 岁以下儿童超重/肥胖的总患病率为 5.10%（9%CI：4.45-5.76）。南非地区（8.80%，95%CI：4.18-13.42）的 5 岁以下儿童超重和/或肥胖患病率较高，其次是东非地区。男童（调整后优势比（AOR）=1.09，95%置信区间（CI）：1.02-1.25）、出生体重大的 5 岁以下儿童（AOR=1.39，95%CI：1.26-1.54）、2 至 3 岁的 5 岁以下儿童（AOR=0.85，95%CI：0.76-0.94）、母亲受过教育的 5 岁以下儿童（中学及以上）（AOR=1.12，95%CI：1.01-1.25）和西非（AOR=0.67，95%CI：0.56-0.81）和南非（AOR=1.87，95%CI：1.09-3.21）地区的 5 岁以下儿童超重和/或肥胖的发生具有显著的决定因素。
儿童肥胖症正在成为发展中国家的一大挑战和双重负担。在 SSA 非洲，每 20 名 5 岁以下儿童中就有 1 名超重和/或肥胖。男童、年龄较大、母亲受过教育和生活在南非地区的 5 岁以下儿童超重和/或肥胖的风险更高。因此，SSA 国家应尽早采取措施，防止出现双重营养不足负担。
