Ferrucci Pier Francesco, Cocorocchio Emilia
Cancer Biotherapy Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy.
Department of Hemato-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy.
Cancers (Basel). 2021 Dec 24;14(1):81. doi: 10.3390/cancers14010081.
Immunotherapy with Ipilimumab or antibodies against programmed death (ligand) 1 (anti-PD1/PDL1), targeted therapies with BRAF-inhibitors (anti-BRAF) and their combinations significantly changed melanoma treatment options in both primary, adjuvant and metastatic setting, allowing for a cure, or at least long-term survival, in most patients. However, up to 50% of those with advance or metastatic disease still have no significant benefit from such innovative therapies, and clinicians are not able to discriminate in advance neither who is going to respond and for how long nor who is going to develop collateral effects and which ones. However, druggable targets, as well as affordable and reliable biomarkers are needed to personalize resources at a single-patient level. In this manuscript, different molecules, genes, cells, pathways and even combinatorial algorithms or scores are included in four biomarker chapters (molecular, immunological, peripheral and gut microbiota) and reviewed in order to evaluate their role in indicating a patient's possible response to treatment or development of toxicities.
使用伊匹单抗或抗程序性死亡（配体）1抗体（抗PD1/PDL1）进行免疫治疗、使用BRAF抑制剂（抗BRAF）进行靶向治疗及其联合治疗显著改变了黑色素瘤在原发性、辅助性和转移性治疗中的选择，使大多数患者能够治愈，或至少实现长期生存。然而，高达50%的晚期或转移性疾病患者仍无法从这些创新疗法中显著获益，临床医生既无法提前区分谁会有反应以及反应持续多久，也无法区分谁会出现副作用以及会出现哪些副作用。然而，需要可药物作用靶点以及经济实惠且可靠的生物标志物，以便在单患者层面实现资源的个性化配置。在本手稿中，四个生物标志物章节（分子、免疫、外周和肠道微生物群）纳入了不同的分子、基因、细胞、信号通路，甚至组合算法或评分，并进行了综述，以评估它们在指示患者对治疗的可能反应或毒性发展方面的作用。
