Roy Molly, Yang Yu-Ping, Bosquet Olivia, Deo Sapna K, Daunert Sylvia
Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
Cancers (Basel). 2021 Dec 29;14(1):158. doi: 10.3390/cancers14010158.
Gynecologic malignancies are those which arise in the female reproductive organs of the ovaries, cervix, and uterus. They carry a great deal of morbidity and mortality for patients, largely due to challenges in diagnosis and treatment of these cancers. Although advances in technology and understanding of these diseases have greatly improved diagnosis, treatment, and ultimately survival for patients with gynecologic malignancies over the last few decades, there is still room for improvements in diagnosis and treatment, for which exosomes may be the key. This paper reviews the current knowledge regarding gynecologic tumor derived-exosomal genetic material and proteins, their role in cancer progression, and their potential for advancing the clinical care of patients with gynecologic cancers through novel diagnostics and therapeutics.
Ovarian tumor derived exosome specific proteins are reviewed in detail, discussing their role in ovarian cancer metastasis. The key microRNAs in cervical cancer and their implications in future clinical use are discussed. Additionally, uterine cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF)-derived exosomes which may promote endometrial cancer cell migration and invasion through a specific miR-148b are reviewed. The various laboratory techniques and commercial kits for the isolation of exosomes to allow for their clinical utilization are described as well.
Exosomes may be the key to solving many unanswered questions, and closing the gaps so as to improve the outcomes of patients with gynecologic cancers around the world. The potential utilization of the current knowledge of exosomes, as they relate to gynecologic cancers, to advance the field and bridge the gaps in diagnostics and therapeutics highlight the promising future of exosomes in gynecologic malignancies.
妇科恶性肿瘤是起源于卵巢、子宫颈和子宫等女性生殖器官的肿瘤。它们给患者带来了很高的发病率和死亡率，这在很大程度上是由于这些癌症在诊断和治疗方面存在挑战。尽管在过去几十年里，技术进步以及对这些疾病的认识极大地改善了妇科恶性肿瘤患者的诊断、治疗，并最终提高了生存率，但在诊断和治疗方面仍有改进空间，而外泌体可能是关键所在。本文综述了目前关于妇科肿瘤来源的外泌体遗传物质和蛋白质的知识、它们在癌症进展中的作用，以及通过新型诊断和治疗方法改善妇科癌症患者临床护理的潜力。
详细综述了卵巢肿瘤来源的外泌体特异性蛋白质，讨论了它们在卵巢癌转移中的作用。探讨了宫颈癌中的关键微小RNA及其在未来临床应用中的意义。此外，还综述了子宫癌相关成纤维细胞（CAF）来源的外泌体，其可能通过特定的miR-148b促进子宫内膜癌细胞的迁移和侵袭。还描述了用于分离外泌体以实现其临床应用的各种实验室技术和商业试剂盒。
外泌体可能是解决许多未决问题、缩小差距从而改善全球妇科癌症患者治疗效果的关键。利用目前与妇科癌症相关的外泌体知识来推动该领域发展并弥合诊断和治疗方面的差距，凸显了外泌体在妇科恶性肿瘤领域的广阔前景。
