Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jan 1;23(1):480. doi: 10.3390/ijms23010480.
Diabetes mellitus is a significant clinical and therapeutic problem because it can lead to serious long-term complications. Its pathogenesis is not fully understood, but there are indications that dysbiosis can play a role in the development of diabetes, or that it appears during the course of the disease. Changes in microbiota composition are observed in both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. These modifications are associated with pro-inflammation, increased intestinal permeability, endotoxemia, impaired β-cell function and development of insulin resistance. This review summarizes the role of the gut microbiota in healthy individuals and the changes in bacterial composition that can be associated with T1D or T2D. It also presents new developments in diabetes therapy based on influencing the gut microbiota as a promising method to alter the course of diabetes. Moreover, it highlights the lacking data and suggests future directions needed to prove the causal relationship between dysbiosis and diabetes, both T1D and T2D.
糖尿病是一个重要的临床和治疗问题，因为它可能导致严重的长期并发症。其发病机制尚未完全阐明，但有迹象表明，肠道菌群失调可能在糖尿病的发展中起作用，或者在疾病过程中出现。在 1 型糖尿病（T1D）和 2 型糖尿病（T2D）患者中都观察到微生物群落组成的变化。这些变化与促炎、肠道通透性增加、内毒素血症、β 细胞功能受损和胰岛素抵抗的发展有关。本综述总结了肠道微生物群在健康个体中的作用以及与 T1D 或 T2D 相关的细菌组成的变化。它还介绍了基于影响肠道微生物群的糖尿病治疗的新进展，这是一种改变糖尿病病程的有前途的方法。此外，它还强调了数据的缺乏，并提出了未来需要证明肠道菌群失调与 T1D 和 T2D 之间的因果关系的方向。
