School of Public Management and Law, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410125, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 23;19(1):119. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19010119.
Successful aging is achieved throughout the life course, and successful aging groups tend to have good psychosocial and physical conditions and are active in social activities. With increasing age, the mental health problems of older adults have become increasingly prominent, and the choice of pension mode is closely related to the mental health of older adults. Starting from the psychological level of the older adult, this paper used data from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey to study the impact of three pension methods on the mental health of older adults. The study found that, at present, there are three types of pension modes in China: living alone, family pension, and institutional care, and family pensions are still the mainstream pension mode. Older adults with deeper negative feelings are more inclined to family pensions than to live alone, but the spiritual comfort provided by family members does not improve the negative feelings of older adults. Institutional care deepens the negative feeling and reduces the positive feeling of older adults. In addition, retirement or pension and medical insurance, as life security in old age, can effectively reduce the negative feelings of old age and promote positive feelings. In view of the present situation of China's pension mode and the psychological characteristics of the older adults, we should further build a perfect family pension security system, promote the personalized service construction of older adult care institutions, promote applicable aging renovation of existing residential areas, and encourage older adults to engage in healthy exercise.
成功老龄化是贯穿整个生命历程的，成功老龄化群体往往具有良好的社会心理和身体状况，并且积极参与社会活动。随着年龄的增长，老年人的心理健康问题日益突出，养老模式的选择与老年人的心理健康密切相关。本文从老年人的心理层面出发，利用 2018 年中国健康与养老追踪调查数据，研究了三种养老方式对老年人心理健康的影响。研究发现，目前中国有三种养老模式：独居、家庭养老和机构养老，家庭养老仍是主流养老模式。负面感受较深的老年人更倾向于家庭养老而不是独居，但家庭成员提供的精神慰藉并没有改善老年人的负面感受。机构养老加深了老年人的负面感受，降低了他们的正面感受。此外，退休或养老金和医疗保险作为老年时的生活保障，可以有效减轻老年人的负面感受，促进积极感受。鉴于中国目前的养老模式和老年人的心理特点，我们应进一步构建完善的家庭养老保障体系，推动老年护理机构的个性化服务建设，促进现有住宅区的适老化改造，鼓励老年人进行健康锻炼。
