Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan.
Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
Nutrients. 2021 Dec 28;14(1):135. doi: 10.3390/nu14010135.
Jordan is witnessing an escalating pace of nutrition transition, which may be associated with an increased burden of malnutrition and related non-communicable diseases. This review analyzes the nutrition situation in Jordan by exploring specific nutrition indicators, namely infant and young child feeding, low birthweight, micronutrient deficiencies, anthropometric indicators, and food consumption patterns. Results showed that although most children were ever breastfed and early initiation of breastfeeding had a two-fold increasing trend, rates of exclusive breastfeeding below 6 months of age and continued breastfeeding until two years of age were low. Complementary feeding indicators, particularly minimum diet diversity and minimum acceptable diet standards, were suboptimal. An overall low burden of stunting, wasting, and underweight among children under 5 years and remarkable progress in optimizing iodine status among school-aged children were reported. Conversely, the burden of low birthweight and overweight/obesity exacerbated, coexisting with anemia, vitamin A deficiency, and vitamin D deficiency. Overall, fruit and vegetable consumption were inadequate. The consumption of soft drinks and salt on the other hand was higher than recommended. This review acknowledges the double burden of malnutrition in Jordan and recommends the prioritization and evaluation of interventions towards improving the population's nutritional status and achieving nutrition targets.
约旦正经历营养转型的加速，这可能导致营养失调和相关非传染性疾病负担加重。本综述通过探索特定营养指标，即婴幼儿喂养、低出生体重、微量营养素缺乏、人体测量指标和食物消费模式，分析了约旦的营养状况。结果表明，尽管大多数儿童都曾接受过母乳喂养，且母乳喂养的起始时间呈两倍增加趋势，但 6 月龄以下纯母乳喂养和持续母乳喂养至 2 岁的比例较低。补充喂养指标，特别是最低饮食多样性和最低可接受饮食标准，并不理想。5 岁以下儿童的生长迟缓和消瘦以及体重不足的总体负担较低，学龄儿童的碘营养状况得到显著改善。相反，低出生体重和超重/肥胖的负担加重，同时存在贫血、维生素 A 缺乏和维生素 D 缺乏。总的来说，水果和蔬菜的摄入量不足。另一方面，软饮料和盐的摄入量高于建议量。本综述承认约旦存在营养失调的双重负担，并建议优先考虑和评估干预措施，以改善人口的营养状况并实现营养目标。
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