Higueras Cristina, Rey Ana I, Escudero Rosa, Díaz-Regañón David, Rodríguez-Franco Fernando, García-Sancho Mercedes, Agulla Beatriz, Sainz Angel
Department Animal Production, Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Department Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Dec 31;12(1):89. doi: 10.3390/ani12010089.
The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and the total fatty acid profile of faeces or plasma as possible indicators of FRE in comparison with healthy dogs. FRE dogs had a lower concentration ( = 0.026) of plasma α-tocopherol as an indicator of the oxidative status of the animal, and lower C20:5n-3 ( = 0.033), C22:5n-3 ( = 0.005), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ( = 0.021) and n-6 ( = 0.041) when compared with the control dogs; furthermore, sick dogs had higher proportions of plasma C20:3n-6 ( = 0.0056). The dogs with FRE showed a decrease in the production of faecal levels of SCFAs, mainly propionic acid (C3) ( = 0.0001) and isovaleric acid (iC5) ( = 0.014). FRE dogs also had a lower proportion of C15:0 ( = 0.0003), C16:1n-9 ( = 0.0095), C16:1n-7 ( = 0.0001), C20:5n-3 ( = 0.0034) and monounsaturated fatty acids ( = 0.0315), and tended to have lower n-3 ( = 0.058) and a reduced desaturase activity index in the stool when compared with the control group. However, the dogs with chronic enteropathy tended to have greater C20:4n-6 ( = 0.065) in their faeces as signs of damage at the intestinal level. The faecal parameters were better predictors than plasma. The highest correlations between faecal odd-chain, medium- or long-chain fatty acids and SCFAs were observed for C15:0 that correlated positively with faecal acetic acid (C2) (r = 0.72, = 0.004), propionic acid (r = 0.95, = 0.0001), isobutyric acid (iC4) (r = 0.59, = 0.027) and isovaleric acid (r = 0.64, = 0.0136), as well as with total SCFAs (r = 0.61, = 0.02). Conversely, faecal C20:4n-6 showed a high inverse correlation (r = -0.83, = 0.0002) with C2 and C3 (r = -0.59, = 0.027). Canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) activity (CIBDAI) index correlated negatively mainly with faecal measurements, such as C3 (r = -0.869, = 0.0005) and C15:0 (r = -0.825, = 0.0018), followed by C16:1/C16:0 (r = -0.66, = 0.0374) and iC5 (r = -0.648, = 0.0310), which would indicate that these fatty acids could be good non-invasive indicators of the chronic inflammatory status, specifically FRE.
本研究的目的是评估粪便或血浆中的短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）和总脂肪酸谱的差异，作为与健康犬相比的食物不耐受性（FRE）的可能指标。FRE犬血浆α-生育酚浓度较低（P = 0.026），α-生育酚是动物氧化状态的指标，与对照犬相比，其C20:5n-3（P = 0.033）、C22:5n-3（P = 0.005）、多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）（P = 0.021）和n-6（P = 0.041）含量较低；此外，患病犬血浆C20:3n-6比例较高（P = 0.0056）。患有FRE的犬粪便中SCFAs的产生减少，主要是丙酸（C3）（P = 0.0001）和异戊酸（iC5）（P = 0.014）。FRE犬C15:0（P = 0.0003）、C16:1n-9（P = 0.0095）、C16:1n-7（P = 0.0001）、C20:5n-3（P = 0.0034）和单不饱和脂肪酸（P = 0.0315）的比例也较低，与对照组相比，粪便中的n-3含量趋于降低（P = 0.058），去饱和酶活性指数降低。然而，患有慢性肠病的犬粪便中C20:4n-6含量往往较高（P = 0.065），这是肠道损伤的迹象。粪便参数比血浆更能预测FRE。在粪便奇数链、中链或长链脂肪酸与SCFAs之间观察到最高的相关性，C15:0与粪便乙酸（C2）呈正相关（r = 0.72，P = 0.004）、丙酸（r = 0.95，P = 0.0001）、异丁酸（iC4）（r = 0.59，P = 0.027）和异戊酸（r = 0.64，P = 0.0136），以及与总SCFAs（r = 0.61，P = 0.02）。相反，粪便C20:4n-6与C2和C3呈高度负相关（r = -0.83，P = 0.0002）（r = -0.59，P = 0.027）。犬炎症性肠病（IBD）活动（CIBDAI）指数主要与粪便测量值呈负相关，如C3（r = -0.869，P = 0.0005）和C15:0（r = -0.825，P = 0.0018），其次是C16:1/C16:0（r = -0.66，P = 0.0374）和iC5（r = -0.648，P = 0.0310），这表明这些脂肪酸可能是慢性炎症状态，特别是FRE的良好非侵入性指标。
