University of North Carolina, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
St John Fisher College, Wegmans School of Pharmacy, Rochester, New York.
Am J Pharm Educ. 2023 Apr;87(3):ajpe8917. doi: 10.5688/ajpe8917. Epub 2022 Jan 10.
This scoping review updates a 2018 review of suicide prevention training programs for community and student pharmacists. Five scholarly databases were searched for articles published between January 2018 and December 2020. Articles were excluded if they did not describe an educational or training program for pharmacists or student pharmacists, did not explicitly include suicide, focused solely on attitudes, or did not provide sufficient detail to evaluate program content. The quality of each study was examined using a quality assessment tool. Seven studies met inclusion criteria. Most trainings (86%) were delivered live with interactive or role play scenarios to promote verbal and behavioral skill practice. About half (57%) assessed changes in knowledge, and fewer programs (29%) assessed changes in communication. All assessed participants' ability to identify suicide warning signs and included referral resources. Six studies were assessed for quality, of which 67% had a rating of good and 33% were rated as fair. Given the increase in suicide rates nationally, it is likely that pharmacists will encounter a patient in need of suicide prevention services. Since 2018, seven new suicide prevention training programs for community and student pharmacists have been reported, which demonstrates growing interest in suicide prevention training in the pharmacy profession. When integrated in Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) curricula, trainings may help prepare the pharmacy workforce for encounters with patients in crisis. The impact of training on self-efficacy and communication skills warrants additional attention. Variation between programs should be evaluated to understand which instructional methods best prepare pharmacy professionals to engage in suicide prevention.
本范围综述更新了 2018 年针对社区和学生药剂师的预防自杀培训计划的综述。从 2018 年 1 月至 2020 年 12 月，五个学术数据库被用来搜索已发表的文章。如果文章没有描述药剂师或学生药剂师的教育或培训计划，没有明确包括自杀，仅关注态度，或没有提供足够的细节来评估计划内容，则将其排除在外。使用质量评估工具检查每项研究的质量。符合纳入标准的有 7 项研究。大多数培训（86%）都是通过现场直播进行的，采用互动或角色扮演场景来促进口头和行为技能的实践。大约一半（57%）评估了知识的变化，而较少的项目（29%）评估了沟通的变化。所有评估都评估了参与者识别自杀预警信号的能力，并包括转介资源。对 6 项研究进行了质量评估，其中 67%的研究被评为良好，33%的研究被评为一般。鉴于全国自杀率的上升，药剂师很可能会遇到需要预防自杀服务的患者。自 2018 年以来，已经报道了 7 项针对社区和学生药剂师的新的预防自杀培训计划，这表明在药剂师职业中对预防自杀培训的兴趣日益浓厚。当将培训纳入药学博士（PharmD）课程中时，培训可能有助于为药剂师队伍与处于危机中的患者相遇做好准备。培训对自我效能和沟通技巧的影响值得进一步关注。应该评估各个计划之间的差异，以了解哪些教学方法最能使药学专业人员准备好参与预防自杀。
