Zhang Hong, Darabi Kasra, Nia Narges Yaghoobi, Krishna Anurag, Ahlawat Paramvir, Guo Boyu, Almalki Masaud Hassan S, Su Tzu-Sen, Ren Dan, Bolnykh Viacheslav, Castriotta Luigi Angelo, Zendehdel Mahmoud, Pan Linfeng, Alonso Sandy Sanchez, Li Ruipeng, Zakeeruddin Shaik M, Hagfeldt Anders, Rothlisberger Ursula, Di Carlo Aldo, Amassian Aram, Grätzel Michael
Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
Nat Commun. 2022 Jan 10;13(1):89. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-27740-4.
Cost management and toxic waste generation are two key issues that must be addressed before the commercialization of perovskite optoelectronic devices. We report a groundbreaking strategy for eco-friendly and cost-effective fabrication of highly efficient perovskite solar cells. This strategy involves the usage of a high volatility co-solvent, which dilutes perovskite precursors to a lower concentration (<0.5 M) while retaining similar film quality and device performance as a high concentration (>1.4 M) solution. More than 70% of toxic waste and material cost can be reduced. Mechanistic insights reveal ultra-rapid evaporation of the co-solvent together with beneficial alteration of the precursor colloidal chemistry upon dilution with co-solvent, which in-situ studies and theoretical simulations confirm. The co-solvent tuned precursor colloidal properties also contribute to the enhancement of the stability of precursor solution, which extends its processing window thus minimizing the waste. This strategy is universally successful across different perovskite compositions, and scales from small devices to large-scale modules using industrial spin-coating, potentially easing the lab-to-fab translation of perovskite technologies.
成本管理和有毒废物产生是钙钛矿光电器件商业化之前必须解决的两个关键问题。我们报告了一种用于高效钙钛矿太阳能电池的环保且经济高效制造的开创性策略。该策略涉及使用高挥发性共溶剂，它将钙钛矿前驱体稀释至较低浓度（<0.5 M），同时保持与高浓度（>1.4 M）溶液相似的薄膜质量和器件性能。可减少超过70%的有毒废物和材料成本。机理研究表明，共溶剂的超快速蒸发以及用共溶剂稀释后前驱体胶体化学的有益改变，原位研究和理论模拟证实了这一点。共溶剂调节的前驱体胶体性质也有助于提高前驱体溶液的稳定性，这扩展了其加工窗口，从而将废物降至最低。该策略在不同的钙钛矿组成中普遍成功，并且可以从小型器件扩展到使用工业旋涂的大规模模块，有可能简化钙钛矿技术从实验室到工厂的转化。
