International Rice Research Institute, 4031, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.
Department of Agricultural and Rural Development of Can-Tho City, Can-Tho City, Vietnam.
Sci Rep. 2022 Jan 10;12(1):401. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-04362-w.
Overuse of seed and chemical inputs is a major constraint for sustainable rice production in Vietnam. In this study, two seasons of field trials were conducted to compare different crop establishment practices for rice production in the Mekong River Delta using environmental and economic sustainability performance indicators. The indicators including energy efficiency, agronomic use efficiency, net income, and greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) were quantified based on four treatments including manual broadcast-seeding, blower seeding, drum seeding, and mechanized transplanting. Across the four treatments, yields ranged from 7.3-7.5 Mg ha and 6.2-6.8 Mg ha in the Winter-Spring (WS) and Summer-Autumn (SA) seasons, respectively. In comparison with direct seeding methods, mechanized transplanting decreased the seed rate by 40%. It also led to a 30-40% reduction in pesticide use during the main crop season (WS). Mechanized transplanting required higher inputs, including machine depreciation and fuel consumption, but its net energy balance, net income and GHGE were at a similar level as the other non-mechanized planting practices. Mechanized transplanting is a technology package that should be promoted to improve the economic and environmental sustainability of lowland rice cultivation in the Mekong River Delta of Vietnam.
在越南，过度使用种子和化学投入物是可持续水稻生产的主要制约因素。本研究采用环境和经济可持续性绩效指标，在湄公河三角洲进行了两个季节的田间试验，比较了不同的水稻种植方式。该指标包括能源效率、农学利用效率、净收入和温室气体排放（GHGE），基于包括人工撒播、风机播种、滚筒播种和机械移栽在内的 4 种处理进行量化。在这 4 种处理中，冬春（WS）和夏秋（SA）两季的产量分别为 7.3-7.5 Mg/ha 和 6.2-6.8 Mg/ha。与直接播种方法相比，机械移栽可将播种率降低 40%。它还导致主作物季节（WS）农药用量减少 30-40%。机械移栽需要更高的投入，包括机器折旧和燃料消耗，但它的净能量平衡、净收入和 GHGE 与其他非机械化种植方式相当。机械移栽是一个技术包，应加以推广，以提高越南湄公河三角洲低地水稻种植的经济和环境可持续性。
