Division of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
Chemosphere. 2022 Apr;293:133537. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133537. Epub 2022 Jan 8.
The precise detection of hazardous 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol (TNP) is essential for the environment and human health. TNP is used as a precursor in whistling fireworks in ammunition, mining, agriculture and is a hazardous environmental pollutant generated from leather, chemical, and dye industries. Exploring rapid and low-cost approaches for the detection and quantification of TNP has attracted many scientists nowadays. The proposed chemosensor utilizes the concept of dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction coupled with a UV-visible spectrophotometer for its sensing at the ultra-trace level. Significant changes based on intramolecular interactions followed by a distinct color change to orange-red from yellow in the presence of TNP is an attractive feature for the present study. The successive addition of TNP shows ultra-trace sensitivity (3.9831 μA μM cm) at detection limit (LOD) of 0.0015 ± 0.03 μM (S/N = 3), a linear range of 0 μM-70 μM, and a response time of <5 min. Different types of real samples such as creatinine testing kit reagent, fireflies crackers, serum, and water samples were used and recovery of TNP was calculated by spiking the known concentration of the standard analyte. The obtained recovery was 93.6-103.6% with RSD range of 1.6-4.53% (n = 3) in different samples. The analytical performance of the colorimetric Chemoprobe in terms of its recovery, linearity range, and limit of detection offers an excellent platform for monitoring hazardous TNP. The results show that the proposed colorimetric chemosensor is easy to use, low-cost, environmentally friendly and offers an easily observable visual color change. Based on these features, the chemosensor can be used for large-scale applications for the detection of TNP in water and other samples.
精确检测危险的 2,4,6-三硝基苯酚（TNP）对环境和人类健康至关重要。TNP 用作弹药、采矿、农业中口哨烟花的前体，也是皮革、化工和染料工业产生的危险环境污染物。探索快速、低成本的 TNP 检测和定量方法吸引了当今许多科学家。所提出的化学传感器利用分散液-液微萃取的概念，并结合紫外可见分光光度计，在痕量水平下进行感应。在存在 TNP 的情况下，基于分子内相互作用的显著变化以及从黄色到橙红色的明显颜色变化是本研究的一个吸引人的特征。连续加入 TNP 显示出超痕量灵敏度（3.9831 μA μM cm），检测限（LOD）为 0.0015 ± 0.03 μM（S/N = 3），线性范围为 0 μM-70 μM，响应时间<5 分钟。使用了不同类型的实际样品，如肌酸测试试剂盒试剂、萤火虫爆竹、血清和水样，并通过加入已知浓度的标准分析物来计算 TNP 的回收率。在不同的样品中，回收率为 93.6-103.6%，相对标准偏差（RSD）范围为 1.6-4.53%（n = 3）。比色化学探针在回收率、线性范围和检测限方面的分析性能为监测危险 TNP 提供了一个极好的平台。结果表明，所提出的比色化学传感器易于使用、成本低、对环境友好，并提供易于观察的可视颜色变化。基于这些特点，该化学传感器可用于大规模应用，用于检测水中和其他样品中的 TNP。
