Boeri Lucia, Donnaloja Francesca, Campanile Marzia, Sardelli Lorenzo, Tunesi Marta, Fusco Federica, Giordano Carmen, Albani Diego
Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy.
Neurobiol Dis. 2022 Mar;164:105614. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105614. Epub 2022 Jan 10.
The way the human microbiota may modulate neurological pathologies is a fascinating matter of research. Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder, which has been largely investigated in correlation with microbiota health and function. However, the mechanisms that regulate this apparent connection are scarcely defined, and extensive effort has been conducted to understand the role of microbiota in preventing and reducing epileptic seizures. Intestinal bacteria seem to modulate the seizure frequency mainly by releasing neurotransmitters and inflammatory mediators. In order to elucidate the complex microbial contribution to epilepsy pathophysiology, integrated meta-omics could be pivotal. In fact, the combination of two or more meta-omics approaches allows a multifactorial study of microbial activity within the frame of disease or drug treatments. In this review, we provide information depicting and supporting the use of multi-omics to study the microbiota-epilepsy connection. We described different meta-omics analyses (metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics and metabolomics), focusing on current technical challenges in stool collection procedures, sample extraction methods and data processing. We further discussed the current advantages and limitations of using the integrative approach of multi-omics in epilepsy investigations.
人类微生物群调节神经病理学的方式是一个引人入胜的研究课题。癫痫是一种常见的神经疾病，人们已对其与微生物群健康和功能的相关性进行了大量研究。然而，调节这种明显联系的机制却鲜有明确界定，人们已付出巨大努力来了解微生物群在预防和减少癫痫发作方面的作用。肠道细菌似乎主要通过释放神经递质和炎症介质来调节癫痫发作频率。为了阐明微生物对癫痫病理生理学的复杂作用，整合元组学可能至关重要。事实上，两种或更多元组学方法的结合能够在疾病或药物治疗框架内对微生物活性进行多因素研究。在本综述中，我们提供了描述和支持使用多组学研究微生物群与癫痫联系的信息。我们描述了不同的元组学分析（宏基因组学、宏转录组学、宏蛋白质组学和代谢组学），重点关注粪便收集程序、样本提取方法和数据处理方面当前的技术挑战。我们还进一步讨论了在癫痫研究中使用多组学整合方法的当前优势和局限性。
