Wang Liang, Li Fen, Gu Bin, Qu Pengfei, Liu Qinghua, Wang Junjiao, Tang Jiawei, Cai Shubin, Zhao Qi, Ming Zhong
Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huaiyin Hospital, Huai'an, China.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Jun 17;13:883734. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.883734. eCollection 2022.
Currently, more and more studies suggested that reductionism was lack of holistic and integrative view of biological processes, leading to limited understanding of complex systems like microbiota and the associated diseases. In fact, microbes are rarely present in individuals but normally live in complex multispecies communities. With the recent development of a variety of metaomics techniques, microbes could be dissected dynamically in both temporal and spatial scales. Therefore, in-depth understanding of human microbiome from different aspects such as genomes, transcriptomes, proteomes, and metabolomes could provide novel insights into their functional roles, which also holds the potential in making them diagnostic biomarkers in many human diseases, though there is still a huge gap to fill for the purpose. In this mini-review, we went through the frontlines of the metaomics techniques and explored their potential applications in clinical diagnoses of human diseases, e.g., infectious diseases, through which we concluded that novel diagnostic methods based on human microbiomes shall be achieved in the near future, while the limitations of these techniques such as standard procedures and computational challenges for rapid and accurate analysis of metaomics data in clinical settings were also examined.
目前,越来越多的研究表明,还原论缺乏对生物过程的整体和综合观点,导致对微生物群等复杂系统及其相关疾病的理解有限。事实上,微生物很少以个体形式存在,而是通常生活在复杂的多物种群落中。随着各种元组学技术的最新发展,可以在时间和空间尺度上动态剖析微生物。因此,从基因组、转录组、蛋白质组和代谢组等不同方面深入了解人类微生物组,可以为其功能作用提供新的见解,这也使其有潜力成为许多人类疾病的诊断生物标志物,尽管为此目的仍有很大差距需要填补。在本综述中,我们梳理了元组学技术的前沿进展,并探讨了它们在人类疾病(如传染病)临床诊断中的潜在应用,据此我们得出结论,基于人类微生物组的新型诊断方法将在不久的将来实现,同时还研究了这些技术的局限性,如临床环境中元组学数据快速准确分析的标准程序和计算挑战。