From the Department of Pediatric Infectology.
Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hospital Infantil João Paulo II, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2022 Feb 1;41(2):108-111. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000003391.
Since the introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines, invasive disease due to Haemophilus influenzae serotype a (Hia) has been reported with increasing frequency.
This study is based on hospital-based surveillance for Hia meningitis over a 5-year period.
Thirty-five patients with H. influenzae meningitis were hospitalized and 12 were serotype a. Hia was detected in blood and cerebrospinal fluid by culture or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Patients' median age was 10 months, 7 (58%) boys and 5 (41%) girls. Ten (83%) children had received at least 1 vaccine dose against Haemophilus influenzae type b. All patients were treated with ceftriaxone for a median period of 11 days. The main complications described were empyema in 5 (41%) and seizures in 3 (25%) patients. Two (16.6%) patients died due to cerebral damage and shock.
Invasive disease due to Hia affecting young children accounts for considerable morbidity and mortality.
自乙型流感嗜血杆菌疫苗问世以来，甲型流感嗜血杆菌（Hia）引起的侵袭性疾病的报告频率逐渐增加。
本研究基于 5 年期间针对 Hia 脑膜炎的基于医院的监测。
35 例流感嗜血杆菌脑膜炎患者住院，其中 12 例为甲型。通过培养或逆转录聚合酶链反应在血液和脑脊液中检测到 Hia。患者的中位年龄为 10 个月，男 7 例（58%），女 5 例（41%）。10 例（83%）儿童至少接种了 1 剂乙型流感嗜血杆菌疫苗。所有患者均接受头孢曲松治疗，中位治疗时间为 11 天。描述的主要并发症包括 5 例（41%）脓胸和 3 例（25%）癫痫发作。2 例（16.6%）患者因脑损伤和休克死亡。
甲型流感嗜血杆菌引起的侵袭性疾病影响幼儿，导致相当高的发病率和死亡率。
