Hayati Alfiah, Pramudya Manikya, Soepriandono Hari
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Campus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Vet World. 2021 Nov;14(11):2964-2970. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2964-2970. Epub 2021 Nov 25.
Industrial waste, such as heavy metals, is a major source of water pollution; at high levels, such pollution can reduce river water quality to the extent that it becomes unsuitable for aquaculture of freshwater fish. This study aimed to focus on the effects of copper (Cu) exposure in Nile tilapia () and specifically the ability of s-based probiotics supplementation in fish feed to ameliorate damage to gonads and negative effects on red blood cells (RBCs), whole blood cells (WBCs), hematocrit (HCT) levels, hemoglobin (HGB) levels, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels following such exposure.
Thirty-two Nile tilapia fish were divided into eight groups: A negative control (without probiotics or Cu), a positive control (with probiotics but without Cu), three treatments with probiotics in feed, and one of three Cu concentrations (0.75, 1.50, or 3.00 mg/L), and three treatments with these three Cu concentrations but without probiotics in feed. The probiotics concentration in feed was 25 mL/kg (1×10 CFU/mL). Feeding was for 15 days, after which the hematological parameters, gonadal (testis) structure, and MDA levels of fish were analyzed.
Exposure to Cu significantly (p<0.05) affected fish hematology (decreased HGB, HCT, RBC, and WBC levels) and altered the structure of the testes. However, the addition of probiotics to fish feed significantly (p<0.05) ameliorated these effects on hematology and maintained the histological structure of the gonads.
Cu exposure at ≥1.5 mg/L affected the hematologic parameters, gonadosomatic index, MDA levels, and testicular cells and tissue of Nile tilapia. However, probiotics supplementation in fish feed helped ameliorate the negative effects of Cu on these parameters. Thus, the s-based probiotics used in this study were apparently able to neutralize Cu toxicity in Nile tilapia.
工业废弃物，如重金属，是水污染的主要来源；在高浓度时，这种污染会使河水水质下降到不适于淡水鱼养殖的程度。本研究旨在聚焦尼罗罗非鱼暴露于铜（Cu）的影响，特别是在鱼饲料中添加基于s的益生菌以改善性腺损伤以及暴露后对红细胞（RBC）、全血细胞（WBC）、血细胞比容（HCT）水平、血红蛋白（HGB）水平和丙二醛（MDA）水平的负面影响。
32条尼罗罗非鱼被分为八组：一个阴性对照组（不添加益生菌或铜），一个阳性对照组（添加益生菌但不添加铜），饲料中添加益生菌的三个处理组，以及三种铜浓度（0.75、1.50或3.00 mg/L）中的一种，还有三种铜浓度但饲料中不添加益生菌的三个处理组。饲料中益生菌浓度为25 mL/kg（1×10 CFU/mL）。投喂15天，之后分析鱼的血液学参数、性腺（睾丸）结构和MDA水平。
暴露于铜显著（p<0.05）影响鱼的血液学指标（降低HGB、HCT、RBC和WBC水平）并改变睾丸结构。然而，在鱼饲料中添加益生菌显著（p<0.05）改善了对血液学的这些影响并维持了性腺的组织结构。
≥1.5 mg/L的铜暴露影响尼罗罗非鱼的血液学参数、性腺体指数、MDA水平以及睾丸细胞和组织。然而，在鱼饲料中添加益生菌有助于改善铜对这些参数的负面影响。因此，本研究中使用的基于s的益生菌显然能够中和尼罗罗非鱼体内的铜毒性。
