Nohara-Uchida K, Ohashi M
Institute of Environmental Science for Human Life, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo.
J Biochem. 1987 Oct;102(4):923-32. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a122133.
Four major gangliosides isolated from frog liver were characterized by compositional analysis involving GLC and GC-MS, methylation analysis, chromium trioxide oxidation, and enzymatic hydrolysis. The results revealed that the most major ganglioside in the tissue was GM4 containing N-acetylneuraminic acid and the others were GM4 containing N-glycolylneuraminic acid, GD1a, and a fucosyl ganglioside which was tentatively assigned to be alpha-galactosyl alpha-fucosyl GM1. This is the first report describing the presence of GM4 containing N-glycolylneuraminic acid. The fatty acids in both GM4 were mainly alpha-hydroxylated, and those in the fucosyl ganglioside were exclusively nonhydroxy fatty acids. The GD1a contained both nonhydroxy and alpha-hydroxy fatty acids in a ratio of about 3:2. The predominant species were 22:0, 23:0, 24:0, and 24:1 in both species of the fatty acids. The long-chain bases of these four gangliosides consisted of C18-sphingosine and C18-phytosphingosine together with significant amounts of C16 to C19 dihydroxy and trihydroxy bases with iso and anteiso structures.
通过气相色谱（GLC）和气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）、甲基化分析、三氧化铬氧化及酶促水解等成分分析方法，对从蛙肝中分离出的四种主要神经节苷脂进行了表征。结果显示，该组织中最主要的神经节苷脂是含有N-乙酰神经氨酸的GM4，其他的是含有N-羟乙酰神经氨酸的GM4、GD1a以及一种岩藻糖基神经节苷脂（暂定为α-半乳糖基α-岩藻糖基GM1）。这是首次报道含有N-羟乙酰神经氨酸的GM4的存在。两种GM4中的脂肪酸主要是α-羟基化的，而岩藻糖基神经节苷脂中的脂肪酸则全是非羟基脂肪酸。GD1a中同时含有非羟基脂肪酸和α-羟基脂肪酸，其比例约为3:2。两种脂肪酸中的主要种类均为22:0、23:0、24:0和24:1。这四种神经节苷脂的长链碱基由C18-鞘氨醇和C18-植物鞘氨醇以及大量具有异结构和反异结构的C16至C19二羟基和三羟基碱基组成。
