Wang Junqing, Pang Xin, Wang Zhe, Liu Gang
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
ACS Appl Bio Mater. 2020 Nov 16;3(11):7255-7264. doi: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01106. Epub 2020 Oct 21.
Recent research on antibiotic-free therapies has demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in preventing and controlling multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infection. Antimicrobial sonodynamic therapy (aSDT) developed from photodynamic therapy (PDT) is of particular interest to researchers and clinicians as it is a promising noninvasive treatment of less accessible infections. However, several aSDT-related challenges need to be addressed. These involve companion imaging and diagnosis of aSDT , insufficient efficacy of aSDT due to the limited oxygen level in the site of infection, infection in the immunocompromised host, and the synergetic approaches for enhanced ROS-mediated antimicrobial activity. This Spotlight on Applications presents the recent approaches in the development of sonoactivated nanoantimicrobials. These developed strategies including bacterial enzyme-responsive sonotheranostics, the ultrasound-switchable nanoenzyme-augmented aSDT, sono-immunomodulating therapy, and sonoactivated chemodynamic therapy (CDT) have shown positive outcomes in the treatment of MDR infections. However, despite the promising results of these approaches, a deeper understanding of the nanoantimicrobial SDT mechanisms in the more precise preclinical model is essential for future optimization regarding efficacy and safety.
近期关于无抗生素疗法的研究已证明，其在预防和控制多重耐药（MDR）细菌感染方面具有显著效果。由光动力疗法（PDT）发展而来的抗菌声动力疗法（aSDT）尤其受到研究人员和临床医生的关注，因为它是一种有前景的针对难以触及感染的非侵入性治疗方法。然而，一些与aSDT相关的挑战需要解决。这些挑战包括aSDT的辅助成像与诊断、由于感染部位氧水平有限导致的aSDT疗效不足、免疫功能低下宿主中的感染以及增强ROS介导的抗菌活性的协同方法。本应用聚焦介绍了声激活纳米抗菌剂开发的最新方法。这些已开发的策略包括细菌酶响应性声动力治疗诊断、超声可切换纳米酶增强aSDT、声免疫调节疗法和声激活化学动力疗法（CDT），它们在治疗MDR感染方面已显示出积极成果。然而，尽管这些方法取得了有前景的结果，但在更精确的临床前模型中深入了解纳米抗菌剂SDT机制对于未来在疗效和安全性方面的优化至关重要。
