Speth M M, Speth U S, Sedaghat A R, Hummel T
Klinik für Hals‑, Nasen‑, Ohrenkrankheiten, Hals- und Gesichtschirurgie, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Schweiz.
Klinik für Mund‑, Kiefer-, und Gesichtschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Deutschland.
HNO. 2022 Feb;70(2):157-166. doi: 10.1007/s00106-021-01132-y. Epub 2022 Jan 12.
This manuscript aims to provide an overview of the etiology and diagnosis of olfactory and gustatory disorders. Not only are they common with about 5% of the population affected, but olfactory and gustatory disorders have recently gained attention in light of the rising SARS-CoV‑2 pandemic: sudden loss of smell and/or taste is regarded as one of the cardinal symptoms. Furthermore, in the early diagnostics of neurodegenerative diseases, olfactory disorders are of great importance. Patients with olfactory dysfunction often show signs of depression. The impact of olfactory/gustatory disorders is thus considerable, but therapeutic options are unfortunately still limited. Following a description of the etiology, the diagnostic and therapeutic options are discussed on the basis of current literature. Potential future treatments are also addressed, e.g. autologous mucosal grafts or olfactory implants.
本手稿旨在概述嗅觉和味觉障碍的病因及诊断。它们不仅很常见，约5%的人口受其影响，而且鉴于严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）大流行的加剧，嗅觉和味觉障碍最近受到了关注：嗅觉和/或味觉突然丧失被视为主要症状之一。此外，在神经退行性疾病的早期诊断中，嗅觉障碍非常重要。嗅觉功能障碍的患者常表现出抑郁症状。因此，嗅觉/味觉障碍的影响相当大，但遗憾的是治疗选择仍然有限。在描述病因之后，将根据当前文献讨论诊断和治疗选择。还探讨了潜在的未来治疗方法，例如自体黏膜移植或嗅觉植入物。
