Department of Medicine, General Pathology Division, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
Biomolecules. 2022 Jan 6;12(1):84. doi: 10.3390/biom12010084.
Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor gamma (PTPRG) is known to interact with and regulate several tyrosine kinases, exerting a tumor suppressor role in several type of cancers. Its wide expression in human tissues compared to the other component of group 5 of receptor phosphatases, PTPRZ expressed as a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan in the central nervous system, has raised interest in its role as a possible regulatory switch of cell signaling processes. Indeed, a carbonic anhydrase-like domain (CAH) and a fibronectin type III domain are present in the N-terminal portion and were found to be associated with its role as [HCO] sensor in vascular and renal tissues and a possible interaction domain for cell adhesion, respectively. Studies on PTPRG ligands revealed the contactins family (CNTN) as possible interactors. Furthermore, the correlation of PTPRG phosphatase with inflammatory processes in different normal tissues, including cancer, and the increasing amount of its soluble form (sPTPRG) in plasma, suggest a possible role as inflammatory marker. PTPRG has important roles in human diseases; for example, neuropsychiatric and behavioral disorders and various types of cancer such as colon, ovary, lung, breast, central nervous system, and inflammatory disorders. In this review, we sum up our knowledge regarding the latest discoveries in order to appreciate PTPRG function in the various tissues and diseases, along with an interactome map of its relationship with a group of validated molecular interactors.
蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶受体γ（PTPRG）已知与几种酪氨酸激酶相互作用并调节其活性，在几种类型的癌症中发挥肿瘤抑制作用。与受体磷酸酶第 5 组的其他成员 PTPRZ 相比，它在人体组织中的广泛表达更为突出，PTPRZ 作为中枢神经系统中的软骨素硫酸盐蛋白聚糖表达，引起了人们对其作为细胞信号转导过程的可能调节开关的作用的兴趣。事实上，N 端部分存在碳酸酐酶样结构域（CAH）和纤连蛋白 III 结构域，分别与它在血管和肾脏组织中作为[HCO]传感器的作用以及可能的细胞黏附相互作用域相关。对 PTPRG 配体的研究揭示了接触蛋白家族（CNTN）作为可能的相互作用蛋白。此外，PTPRG 磷酸酶与不同正常组织（包括癌症）中的炎症过程的相关性，以及其可溶性形式（sPTPRG）在血浆中的含量增加，表明其可能作为炎症标志物发挥作用。PTPRG 在人类疾病中具有重要作用；例如，神经精神和行为障碍以及各种类型的癌症，如结肠、卵巢、肺、乳腺、中枢神经系统和炎症性疾病。在这篇综述中，我们总结了我们对最新发现的了解，以了解 PTPRG 在各种组织和疾病中的功能，以及其与一组经过验证的分子相互作用体的相互作用组图谱。
