Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA.
Plant Sci. 2021 Oct;311:111007. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111007. Epub 2021 Jul 24.
Historically, extended droughts combined with heat waves caused severe reductions in crop yields estimated at billions of dollars annually. Because global warming and climate change are driving an increase in the frequency and intensity of combined water-deficit and heat stress episodes, understanding how these episodes impact yield is critical for our efforts to develop climate change-resilient crops. Recent studies demonstrated that a combination of water-deficit and heat stress exacerbates the impacts of water-deficit or heat stress on reproductive processes of different cereals and legumes, directly impacting grain production. These studies identified several different mechanisms potentially underlying the effects of stress combination on anthers, pollen, and stigma development and function, as well as fertilization. Here we review some of these findings focusing on unbalanced reactive oxygen accumulation, altered sugar concentrations, and conflicting functions of different hormones, as contributing to the reduction in yield during a combination of water-deficit and heat stress. Future studies focused on the effects of water-deficit and heat stress combination on reproduction of different crops are likely to unravel additional mechanisms, as well as reveal novel ways to develop stress combination-resilient crops. These could mitigate some of the potentially devastating impacts of this stress combination on agriculture.
从历史上看，持续干旱加上热浪导致农作物产量严重减少，每年损失估计达数十亿美元。由于全球变暖以及气候变化导致水亏缺和热胁迫的联合事件的频率和强度增加，了解这些事件如何影响产量对于我们努力开发适应气候变化的作物至关重要。最近的研究表明，水亏缺和热胁迫的组合加剧了水亏缺或热胁迫对不同谷物和豆类生殖过程的影响，直接影响粮食产量。这些研究确定了几种不同的潜在机制，这些机制可能导致花药、花粉和柱头发育和功能以及受精过程中受到胁迫组合的影响。在这里，我们回顾了其中的一些发现，重点介绍了不平衡的活性氧积累、改变的糖浓度以及不同激素的功能冲突，这些因素导致在水亏缺和热胁迫的组合下产量下降。未来专注于水亏缺和热胁迫组合对不同作物繁殖影响的研究可能会揭示更多的机制，并揭示开发抗胁迫组合作物的新方法。这些方法可能会减轻这种胁迫组合对农业的一些潜在破坏性影响。
