Faculty, Department of Economics, Govt. Degree College Batote, J&K, affiliated with University of Jammu, Jammu, India.
Nutrition. 2022 Apr;96:111565. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111565. Epub 2021 Dec 11.
Child undernutrition is a major public health problem. Globally in 2020, 149 million children <5 y of age were estimated to be stunted (too short for age), 45 million to be wasted (too thin for height), and 38.9 million were overweight. The aim of this review was to examine previous studies to determine the factors associated with malnutrition and contribute to the existing body of evidence needed for the formulation of effective interventions.
This systematic review was conducted using the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. The Google Scholar database was used to search the studies conducted between 2012 and 2021. The included studies were searched by using some combinations of keywords and saved in Mendeley Desktop for review and referencing.
Of 2150 articles retrieved from the Google Scholar databases, 37 met our inclusion criteria. Of the 37 studies reviewed; 13 were conducted in India, 5 in Ethiopia, 3 in Bangladesh, 2 in Ghana, 2 in Nepal, 2 in developing countries, and 1 each in Bolira, Benin, Netherland, Columbia, Pakistan, Malaysia, Africa, Egypt, Ecuadorian, and Indonesia.
The most consistent factors associated with child malnutrition were maternal education, household income, maternal nutritional status, age of the child, availability of sanitation facility at home, size of family, birth order in the family, and child's birth weight. Breastfeeding and caring practices, cooking area and the fuel used, sex, and socioeconomic status of the children also contribute toward child malnutrition.
儿童营养不足是一个主要的公共卫生问题。在 2020 年全球范围内，估计有 1.49 亿 5 岁以下儿童发育迟缓（身高与年龄相比过短），4500 万儿童消瘦（身高与体重相比过瘦），3890 万儿童超重。本综述的目的是检查以前的研究，以确定与营养不良相关的因素，并为制定有效的干预措施提供现有证据。
本系统评价按照 2020 年系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目指南进行。使用 Google Scholar 数据库搜索了 2012 年至 2021 年期间进行的研究。使用一些关键词的组合在 Mendeley Desktop 中搜索纳入的研究进行审查和引用。
从 Google Scholar 数据库中检索到的 2150 篇文章中，有 37 篇符合我们的纳入标准。在审查的 37 项研究中，有 13 项在印度进行，5 项在埃塞俄比亚进行，3 项在孟加拉国进行，2 项在加纳进行，2 项在尼泊尔进行，2 项在发展中国家进行，1 项在玻利维亚、贝宁、荷兰、哥伦比亚、巴基斯坦、马来西亚、非洲、埃及、厄瓜多尔和印度尼西亚进行。
与儿童营养不良最相关的因素是母亲的教育、家庭收入、母亲的营养状况、儿童的年龄、家庭中卫生设施的可用性、家庭规模、家庭中的出生顺序以及儿童的出生体重。母乳喂养和护理方式、烹饪区和使用的燃料、儿童的性别以及社会经济地位也会导致儿童营养不良。
