School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK.
Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2022 Mar 14;377(1846):20210023. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0023. Epub 2022 Jan 24.
Unravelling the history of range shifts is key for understanding past, current and future species distributions. Anthropogenic transport of species alters natural dispersal patterns and directly affects population connectivity. Studies have suggested that high levels of anthropogenic transport homogenize patterns of genetic differentiation and blur colonization pathways. However, empirical evidence of these effects remains elusive. We compared two range-shifting species ( and ) to examine how anthropogenic transport affects our ability to reconstruct colonization pathways using genomic data. We first investigated shipping networks from the 18th century onwards, cross-referencing these with regions where the species have records to infer how each species has potentially been affected by different levels of anthropogenic transport. We then genotyped thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphisms from 280 and 190 individuals collected across their extensive species' ranges and reconstructed colonization pathways. Differing levels of anthropogenic transport did not preclude the elucidation of population structure, though specific inferences of colonization pathways were difficult to discern in some of the considered scenario sets. We conclude that genomic data in combination with information of underlying introduction drivers provide key insights into the historic spread of range-shifting species. This article is part of the theme issue 'Species' ranges in the face of changing environments (part I)'.
揭示物种分布范围变化的历史对于了解过去、现在和未来的物种分布情况至关重要。人类活动导致的物种迁移改变了自然扩散模式，并直接影响种群的连通性。研究表明，高水平的人为运输使遗传分化模式趋于同质化，并模糊了殖民化途径。然而，这些影响的实证证据仍然难以捉摸。我们比较了两种分布范围发生变化的物种（和），以检验人为运输如何影响我们使用基因组数据重建殖民化途径的能力。我们首先调查了 18 世纪以来的航运网络，将这些网络与有物种记录的地区交叉参考，以推断每个物种如何受到不同程度的人为运输的潜在影响。然后，我们对来自 280 个和 190 个个体的数千个单核苷酸多态性进行了基因分型，这些个体分布在其广泛的物种分布范围内，并重建了殖民化途径。不同程度的人为运输并没有排除对种群结构的阐明，尽管在一些考虑的情景集中，对殖民化途径的具体推断很难辨别。我们的结论是，基因组数据结合潜在引入驱动因素的信息，为研究范围变化物种的历史扩散提供了关键见解。本文是主题为“面对不断变化的环境，物种的范围（第一部分）”的一部分。
