The authors are with the Center for the History and Ethics of Public Health, Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY.
Am J Public Health. 2022 Feb;112(2):234-241. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2021.306504.
We analyzed how activists opposed to vaccination have used arguments related to freedom, liberty, and individual rights in US history. We focused on the period from the 1880s through the 1920s, when the first wave of widespread and sustained antivaccination activism in this country occurred. During this era, activists used the language of liberty and freedom most prominently in opposition to compulsory vaccination laws, which the activists alleged violated their constitutionally protected rights. Critics attacked vaccination with liberty-based arguments even when it was not mandatory, and they used the language of freedom expansively to encompass individuals' freedom to choose their health and medical practices, freedom to raise their children as they saw fit, and freedom from the quasicoercive influence of scientific and medical experts and elite institutions. Evidence suggests that in recent years, vaccine refusal has increasingly been framed as a civil right. We argue that this framing has always lain at the heart of resistance to vaccination and that it may prove consequential for the rollout of COVID-19 vaccines. (. 2022;112(2):234-241. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306504).
我们分析了美国历史上反对疫苗接种的活动人士如何使用与自由、自由和个人权利相关的论点。我们关注的时期是从 19 世纪 80 年代到 20 世纪 20 年代，当时该国出现了第一波广泛而持续的反疫苗接种活动。在这个时代，活动人士最突出地使用自由和自由的语言来反对强制接种疫苗的法律，他们声称这些法律侵犯了他们受宪法保护的权利。即使不强制接种疫苗，批评者也会以自由为基础的论点来攻击疫苗接种，他们还广泛地使用自由一词来涵盖个人选择健康和医疗实践的自由、按照自己的意愿抚养孩子的自由以及免受科学和医学专家和精英机构的准强制性影响的自由。有证据表明，近年来，疫苗拒绝接种越来越多地被视为一项公民权利。我们认为，这种框架一直是抵制疫苗接种的核心，它可能对 COVID-19 疫苗的推出产生重大影响。（。2022；112(2):234-241. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306504）。
