Department of Health & Biological Sciences, Faculty of life Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Department of Biotechnology, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan.
PLoS One. 2022 Jan 28;17(1):e0262952. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262952. eCollection 2022.
The uropathogens is the main cause of urinary tract infection (UTI). The aim of the study was to isolate bacteria from urine samples of UTI patients and find out the susceptibility of isolated bacteria. Bacteria were identified using both conventional and molecular methods. Sanger sequence procedure used for 16S ribosomal RNA and phylogenetic analysis was performed using Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA-7) software. In this study, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus were reported as 58, 28 and 14.0% respectively. Phylogenetic tree revealed that 99% of sample No. Ai (05) is closely related to E. coli to (NR 114042.1 E. coli strain NBRC 102203). Aii (23) is 99% similar to K. pneumoniae to (NR 117686.1 K. pneumonia strain DSM 30104) and 90% Bi (48) is closely linked to S. aureus to (NR 113956.1 S. aureus strain NBRC 100910). The antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli recorded highest resistance towards ampicillin (90%) and least resistant to ofloxacin (14%). Some of the other antibiotics such amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, ceftazidime, cefuroxime and nitrofurantoin resistance were observed 86, 62, 24, 55, 48 and 35% respectively. The cefuroxime showed the highest antibiotic resistance against K. pneumoniae with 85% followed by amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, ceftazidime, ampicillin and nitrofurantoin resulted in 60, 45, 67, 70, 75 and 30% respectively. The resistance of S. aureus against erythromycin, cefuroxime and ampicillin were found with 72%. The resistance against amoxicillin, gentamicin, ceftazidime and ceftriaxone found 57, 43, 43 and 15% respectively. Phylogenetic analysis shows that sequences are closely related with the reference sequences and E. coli is the dominant bacteria among UTI patients and is resistant to the commercially available antibiotics.
尿路病原体是尿路感染（UTI）的主要原因。本研究的目的是从 UTI 患者的尿液样本中分离细菌，并确定分离细菌的敏感性。细菌鉴定采用常规和分子方法。使用 Sanger 测序程序对 16S 核糖体 RNA 进行测序，并使用分子进化遗传学分析（MEGA-7）软件进行系统发育分析。在本研究中，大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的报告率分别为 58%、28%和 14.0%。系统发育树显示，样本 No. Ai（05）的 99%与 NR 114042.1 大肠杆菌菌株 NBRC 102203 密切相关。Aii（23）与 NR 117686.1 肺炎克雷伯菌菌株 DSM 30104 的相似度为 99%，Bi（48）与 NR 113956.1 金黄色葡萄球菌菌株 NBRC 100910 的相似度为 90%。大肠杆菌对氨苄西林（90%）的耐药率最高，对氧氟沙星（14%）的耐药率最低。其他一些抗生素如阿莫西林、环丙沙星、庆大霉素、头孢他啶、头孢呋辛和呋喃妥因的耐药率分别为 86%、62%、24%、55%、48%和 35%。头孢呋辛对肺炎克雷伯菌的抗生素耐药性最高，耐药率为 85%，其次是阿莫西林、环丙沙星、庆大霉素、头孢他啶、氨苄西林和呋喃妥因，耐药率分别为 60%、45%、67%、70%、75%和 30%。金黄色葡萄球菌对红霉素、头孢呋辛和氨苄西林的耐药率为 72%。对阿莫西林、庆大霉素、头孢他啶和头孢曲松的耐药率分别为 57%、43%、43%和 15%。系统发育分析表明，序列与参考序列密切相关，大肠杆菌是 UTI 患者中优势细菌，对市售抗生素具有耐药性。
