ENT Research Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; IPO Hospital, Paranaense Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Paraná, Brazil.
Antonio Pedro University Hospital, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil.
J Oral Biosci. 2022 Mar;64(1):108-113. doi: 10.1016/j.job.2022.01.007. Epub 2022 Jan 25.
Understanding the role of certain salivary components, such as TNF-⍺, IL-6, IL-10, lactoferrin, lysozyme, IgG, IgA, and IgM, in airway defense during the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is essential. The salivary immune barrier of patients with COVID-19 may play a role in their prognosis. The present study aims to evaluate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on saliva composition.
A longitudinal study was carried out with male and female firefighters aged 24-48 years. The study sample (n = 34) was divided into 3 groups: asymptomatic volunteers with a negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for SARS-CoV-2 (group 1, Control, n = 21); patients with symptoms of COVID-19 of less than 7 days' duration and a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection by PCR (group 2, COVID-19, n = 13); and recovered patients from group 2 who were free of COVID-19 symptoms for at least 2 months (group 3, post-COVID-19 recovery, n = 13). All groups underwent real-time PCR to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2, as well as analysis of the salivary concentrations of TNF-⍺, IL-6, IL-10, lactoferrin, lysozyme, IgG, IgA, and IgM by the ELISA method.
Lactoferrin concentrations were significantly decreased in the infected group (COVID-19) when compared to those not infected by SARS-CoV-2 (control) (p = 0.032). IgA concentrations were decreased in the COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 groups compared to the control group (p = 0.005 and p = 0.016, respectively). Comparison of the COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 groups also revealed an increase in IgM concentrations during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection (p = 0.010).
SARS-CoV-2 alters the composition of the salivary immune barrier.
了解 TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10、乳铁蛋白、溶菌酶、IgG、IgA 和 IgM 等某些唾液成分在当前 SARS-CoV-2 大流行期间在气道防御中的作用至关重要。COVID-19 患者的唾液免疫屏障可能与其预后有关。本研究旨在评估 SARS-CoV-2 对唾液成分的影响。
对 24-48 岁的男性和女性消防员进行了一项纵向研究。研究样本（n=34）分为 3 组：聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测 SARS-CoV-2 阴性的无症状志愿者（第 1 组，对照组，n=21）；PCR 诊断为 SARS-CoV-2 感染且 COVID-19 症状持续时间少于 7 天的患者（第 2 组，COVID-19，n=13）；以及第 2 组中至少 2 个月无 COVID-19 症状的康复患者（第 3 组，COVID-19 康复后，n=13）。所有组均接受实时 PCR 检测 SARS-CoV-2 的存在，并通过 ELISA 法分析唾液中 TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10、乳铁蛋白、溶菌酶、IgG、IgA 和 IgM 的浓度。
与未感染 SARS-CoV-2 的对照组相比，感染组（COVID-19）的乳铁蛋白浓度显著降低（p=0.032）。COVID-19 组和 COVID-19 康复后组的 IgA 浓度均低于对照组（p=0.005 和 p=0.016）。COVID-19 组和 COVID-19 康复后组比较显示，急性 SARS-CoV-2 感染期间 IgM 浓度升高（p=0.010）。
SARS-CoV-2 改变了唾液免疫屏障的组成。
