Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondeahak-gil, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
Epigenetics Chromatin. 2022 Jan 31;15(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s13072-022-00435-w.
Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe are good models for heterochromatin study. In S. pombe, H3K9 methylation and Swi6, an ortholog of mammalian HP1, lead to heterochromatin formation. However, S. cerevisiae does not have known epigenetic silencing markers and instead has Sir proteins to regulate silent chromatin formation. Although S. cerevisiae and S. pombe form and maintain heterochromatin via mechanisms that appear to be fundamentally different, they share important common features in the heterochromatin structural proteins. Heterochromatin loci are localized at the nuclear periphery by binding to perinuclear membrane proteins, thereby producing distinct heterochromatin foci, which sequester heterochromatin structural proteins. In this review, we discuss the nuclear peripheral anchoring of heterochromatin foci and its functional relevance to heterochromatin formation and maintenance.
芽殖酵母酿酒酵母和裂殖酵母裂殖酵母是研究异染色质的良好模型。在裂殖酵母中，H3K9 甲基化和 Swi6（哺乳动物 HP1 的同源物）导致异染色质形成。然而，酿酒酵母没有已知的表观遗传沉默标记，而是有 Sir 蛋白来调节沉默染色质的形成。尽管酿酒酵母和裂殖酵母通过似乎在根本上不同的机制形成和维持异染色质，但它们在异染色质结构蛋白中具有重要的共同特征。异染色质位点通过与核周膜蛋白结合而定位于核周，从而产生独特的异染色质焦点，将异染色质结构蛋白隔离。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了异染色质焦点的核周锚定及其对异染色质形成和维持的功能相关性。
