Sengul Fatma, Ozturk Bahadir, Vatansev Husamettin
Department of Biochemistry, Adıyaman University Faculty of Pharmacy Adıyaman, Turkey.
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine Konya, Turkey.
Am J Stem Cells. 2021 Dec 15;10(5):79-89. eCollection 2021.
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) started in December 2019 and affected the whole world in a short time. The course of the disease depends on the person's immune system, physical properties, health status, etc. as it varies according to its characteristics while it is asymptomatic in some people, it causes fatal processes that start with flu-like symptoms such as cough, fever, respiratory distress in some people and progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), severe pneumonia and multi-organ dysfunction, and the basic mechanism underlying these effects known as a cytokine storm. There is no specific effective antiviral drug or vaccine in treatment yet. Supportive/alternative treatment methods are needed as both the desired effect cannot be achieved and undesirable side effects are seen with the current treatments used in the clinic. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are frequently preferred recently from basic studies to clinical studies and are effective and safe in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Graft-versus-Host disease. MSCs can secrete many types of cytokines through paracrine secretion or directly interact with immune cells leading to immunomodulation. According to the results of the completed studies; it has been stated that the cytokine storm caused by the overstimulation of the immune system decreases and even damage of the cytokine storm on organs decreases, respiratory distress is relieved and contributes to the healing process by repairing damaged tissues. In this review, clinical trials completed/ongoing on MSCs recommended for treating COVID-19, a global problem, are reviewed and the review is prepared to specify the existence of such a route to clinicians.
由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的冠状病毒病（COVID-19）于2019年12月开始，并在短时间内影响了全世界。疾病的进程取决于人的免疫系统、身体特性、健康状况等，因为它会因其特征而有所不同，在一些人身上无症状，而在另一些人身上则会引发以咳嗽、发烧、呼吸窘迫等流感样症状开始的致命过程，并进展为急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）、重症肺炎和多器官功能障碍，而这些影响的基本机制被称为细胞因子风暴。目前治疗中尚无特异性有效的抗病毒药物或疫苗。由于目前临床使用的治疗方法既无法达到预期效果，又会出现不良副作用，因此需要支持性/替代性治疗方法。间充质干细胞（MSCs）近来在从基础研究到临床研究中都经常被选用，并且在系统性红斑狼疮、移植物抗宿主病等免疫介导的炎症性疾病中有效且安全。MSCs可以通过旁分泌分泌多种细胞因子，或直接与免疫细胞相互作用，从而导致免疫调节。根据已完成研究的结果；据称，免疫系统过度刺激引起的细胞因子风暴会减少，甚至细胞因子风暴对器官的损害也会减少，呼吸窘迫得到缓解，并通过修复受损组织促进愈合过程。在这篇综述中，对推荐用于治疗全球性问题COVID-19的MSCs的已完成/正在进行的临床试验进行了综述，编写这篇综述是为了向临床医生明确这种治疗途径的存在。
