Kosovali Behiye Deniz, Tezcan Busra, Aytaç Ismail, Tuncer Peker Tulay, Soyal Ozlem B, Mutlu Nevzat Mehmet
Department of Critical Care Medicine, Health of Science Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, TUR.
Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Health of Science Ankara City Hospial, Ankara, TUR.
Cureus. 2021 Dec 21;13(12):e20559. doi: 10.7759/cureus.20559. eCollection 2021 Dec.
Background and aim In the literature, there is no study on the anxiety and depression status of the relatives of intensive care COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients during the pandemic period. In this study, we aimed to compare the risk of developing anxiety and depression in the relatives of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 intensive care patients during the pandemic, and also to determine the factors that may cause anxiety and depression. Materials and methods Relatives of patients admitted to Ankara City Hospital COVID-19 (n=45) and non-COVID-19 (n=45) intensive care units between 15 May and 31 July 2021 were included in this prospective study. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire was administered to the relatives of the patients within the first 48 hours of their admission to the intensive care unit. The answers were recorded and HADS, HADS-A (anxiety) and HADS-D (depression) scores were calculated accordingly. Demographics, education and marital statuses of both the patients and their relatives were recorded. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the factors associated with depression and anxiety. Receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curves were drawn for the factors affecting depression and anxiety, and the area under the curve values were calculated. Results Demographics, APACHE II score, and patient affiliation were similar in both groups. The mean HADS scores of the relatives of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients were 24.76 and 16.04 (p<0.001). The mean HADS-A scores were 12.89 and 7.78 (p<0.001), and the mean of HADS-D scores were 11.87 and 8.27 (p=0.001). Moderate and high-risk anxiety and depression were significantly higher in relatives of COVID-19 patients (p=0.018, p=0.001, respectively). The area under curve (AUC) values were 0.727 in the ROC curve plotted for the independent risk factor Q3 responses that reduced anxiety, and 0.791 and 0.785 in the ROC curve drawn for the independent risk factor Q1 and Q3 responses that reduced the development of depression. Conclusion We found that the anxiety and depression risk of the relatives of COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit during the pandemic period is significantly higher than the relatives of non-COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit. In addition, regardless of the diagnosis, younger intensive care patients may increase the anxiety and depression of the relatives of the patients during the pandemic. The higher-education level of the relatives of patients was determined as a factor reducing anxiety and depression.
背景与目的 在文献中，尚无关于大流行期间新冠肺炎重症监护患者和非新冠肺炎重症监护患者亲属焦虑和抑郁状况的研究。在本研究中，我们旨在比较大流行期间新冠肺炎和非新冠肺炎重症监护患者亲属发生焦虑和抑郁的风险，并确定可能导致焦虑和抑郁的因素。
材料与方法 本前瞻性研究纳入了2021年5月15日至7月31日期间入住安卡拉市医院新冠肺炎（n = 45）和非新冠肺炎（n = 45）重症监护病房患者的亲属。在患者入住重症监护病房的前48小时内，对其亲属进行医院焦虑抑郁量表（HADS）问卷调查。记录答案并相应计算HADS、HADS - A（焦虑）和HADS - D（抑郁）得分。记录患者及其亲属的人口统计学、教育程度和婚姻状况。进行逻辑回归分析以确定与抑郁和焦虑相关的因素。绘制影响抑郁和焦虑因素的受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线，并计算曲线下面积值。
结果 两组的人口统计学、急性生理与慢性健康状况评分系统II（APACHE II）评分和患者所属情况相似。新冠肺炎和非新冠肺炎患者亲属的HADS平均得分分别为24.76和16.04（p < 0.001）。HADS - A平均得分分别为12.89和7.78（p < 0.001），HADS - D平均得分分别为11.87和8.27（p = 0.001）。新冠肺炎患者亲属中中度和高风险焦虑及抑郁显著更高（分别为p = 0.018，p = 0.001）。在为降低焦虑的独立风险因素Q3反应绘制的ROC曲线中，曲线下面积（AUC）值为0.727，在为降低抑郁发生的独立风险因素Q1和Q3反应绘制的ROC曲线中，AUC值分别为0.791和0.785。
结论 我们发现，大流行期间重症监护病房中新冠肺炎患者亲属的焦虑和抑郁风险显著高于非新冠肺炎患者亲属。此外，无论诊断如何，年轻的重症监护患者可能会增加大流行期间患者亲属的焦虑和抑郁。患者亲属的高教育水平被确定为降低焦虑和抑郁的一个因素。
