Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
Medical Director, Calcium and Parathyroid Center, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Cleveland Clinic; Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.
Cleve Clin J Med. 2022 Feb 1;89(2):99-105. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.89a.21056.
Vitamin A, like many things in life, should be consumed in appropriate amounts. Excessive intake of preformed vitamin A, such as that found in supplements and animal sources (animal liver, fish liver oil, dairy, and eggs), is associated with multisystem effects that can include bone resorption and hypercalcemia. Hence, vitamin A toxicity should be explored in unexplained cases of parathyroid hormone-independent hypercalcemia. Serum retinol levels can be helpful in the diagnosis, but the results must be interpreted with caution since they do not always reflect total body levels. Treatment involves supportive care and withdrawal of vitamin A sources, especially preformed ones. Given the long half-life of retinol, normalization of serum levels can take several months.
维生素 A 如同生活中的许多事物一样，应该适量摄取。过量摄入预成型的维生素 A，如补充剂和动物来源（动物肝脏、鱼肝油、乳制品和鸡蛋）中的维生素 A，与多系统效应相关，可包括骨吸收和高钙血症。因此，在不明原因的甲状旁腺激素非依赖性高钙血症中应探讨维生素 A 毒性。血清视黄醇水平有助于诊断，但结果必须谨慎解释，因为它们并不总是反映全身水平。治疗包括支持性护理和停用维生素 A 来源，特别是预成型的维生素 A 来源。鉴于视黄醇半衰期长，血清水平正常化可能需要数月时间。
