Houston M C
Arch Intern Med. 1986 Jan;146(1):179-85.
Abnormal sodium metabolism may be critical in the causation of certain forms of hypertension, particularly salt-sensitive hypertension. Long-term restriction of sodium intake in patients at high risk for the development of hypertension may reduce the chances of established hypertension occurring later. These high-risk patients in whom subsequent hypertension may be prevented include normotensive patients with family histories of hypertension, elderly patients, black patients, and those with low-renin hypertension. Treatment of hypertension with moderate sodium restriction to 70 mEq/day will significantly reduce blood pressure in a large percentage of patients, particularly known salt-sensitive hypertensive patients. This degree of restriction is also an effective adjunctive therapy for patients receiving antihypertensive medications. There is convincing experimental, epidemiologic, and clinical evidence that moderate sodium restriction helps prevent and assists in the treatment of hypertension in those patients who are genetically predisposed to develop primary hypertension or who already have hypertension. There is no evidence that this degree of sodium restriction is harmful.
钠代谢异常可能在某些类型高血压的病因中起关键作用，尤其是盐敏感性高血压。对高血压发病高危患者长期限制钠摄入，可能会降低日后发生确诊高血压的几率。这些后续高血压可被预防的高危患者包括有高血压家族史的血压正常患者、老年患者、黑人患者以及低肾素性高血压患者。将钠摄入量适度限制至每天70毫当量来治疗高血压，将使很大比例的患者血压显著降低，尤其是已知的盐敏感性高血压患者。这种限制程度对接受抗高血压药物治疗的患者也是一种有效的辅助治疗。有令人信服的实验、流行病学和临床证据表明，适度限制钠摄入有助于预防和辅助治疗那些有患原发性高血压遗传倾向或已患有高血压的患者的高血压。没有证据表明这种程度的钠限制是有害的。
