尼日利亚一个郊区社区的家庭空气污染与妇女和儿童的呼吸道症状

Household Air Pollution and Respiratory Symptoms of Women and Children in a Suburban Community in Nigeria.

作者信息

Aigbokhaode Adesuwa Queen, Isara Alphonsus Rukevwe

机构信息

Department of Public Health, Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria.

Department of Community Health, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.

出版信息

Turk Thorac J. 2021 Nov;22(6):466-472. doi: 10.5152/TurkThoracJ.2021.21013.

DOI:10.5152/TurkThoracJ.2021.21013

PMID:35110262

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8975286/

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

Globally, the morbidity and mortality caused by exposure to household air pollution from the use of solid fuels remain a significant public health burden. This study assessed the levels of PM2.5 in households using clean and unclean fuels and their associations with the respiratory health of women and children.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Daytime PM2.5 sampling was done in 62 households (31 in each group) in Isiohor, a suburban community in southern Nigeria using Casella CEL-712 Microdust Pro Real-time Dust Monitor. Validated American Thoracic Society questionnaire was used to assess respiratory symptoms.

RESULTS

PM2.5 levels exceeded World Health Organization-recommended limits in most households. The median (range) concentration of PM2.5 was lower in households using clean fuels (26 (14 to 358) μg/m3) than those using unclean fuels (29 (14 to 650) μg/m3). This difference was not statistically significant (P = .272). At least 1 respiratory symptom was reported by women (25.8% vs. 22.6%) and children (64.5% vs. 77.4%) in household using clean and unclean fuels, respectively. The most commonly reported respiratory symptoms were being woken up by an attack of cough (41.9% vs. 51.6% ) and cough first thing in the morning (16.1% vs 38.7%) for clean and unclean fuels, respectively (P = .046). More children in household using unclean fuel missed school for up to a week because of respiratory illness when compared to those in households using clean fuel, 61.3% vs. 29.0% (P = .011). In the sample as a whole, burning of candles in the house (22.6%) was associated with respiratory symptoms (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 14.81, 95% CI 1.79 to 122.51) among the women.

CONCLUSION

The use of unclean fuel was associated with higher levels of PM2.5. The household air pollution resulting from the use of unclean fuels and activities like burning of candles in the home may compromise the respiratory health of women and children.

摘要

目的

在全球范围内，使用固体燃料导致的家庭空气污染所造成的发病和死亡仍是一项重大的公共卫生负担。本研究评估了使用清洁和不清洁燃料家庭中的细颗粒物（PM2.5）水平及其与妇女和儿童呼吸健康的关联。

材料与方法

在尼日利亚南部一个郊区社区伊西奥霍尔的62户家庭（每组31户）中，使用凯氏CEL - 712微型粉尘专业实时粉尘监测仪进行白天PM2.5采样。使用经过验证的美国胸科学会问卷评估呼吸道症状。

结果

大多数家庭的PM2.5水平超过了世界卫生组织推荐的限值。使用清洁燃料的家庭中PM2.5的中位数（范围）浓度（26（14至358）μg/m³）低于使用不清洁燃料的家庭（29（14至650）μg/m³）。这种差异无统计学意义（P = 0.272）。使用清洁和不清洁燃料的家庭中，分别有25.8%的女性和22.6%的女性、64.5%的儿童和77.4%的儿童报告至少有一种呼吸道症状。最常报告的呼吸道症状分别是因咳嗽发作而醒来（清洁燃料组为41.9%，不清洁燃料组为51.6%）和早晨醒来首先出现咳嗽（清洁燃料组为16.1%，不清洁燃料组为38.7%）（P = 0.046）。与使用清洁燃料的家庭相比，使用不清洁燃料的家庭中有更多儿童因呼吸道疾病缺课长达一周，分别为61.3%和29.0%（P = 0.011）。在整个样本中，家中燃烧蜡烛（22.6%）与女性的呼吸道症状相关（调整后的优势比 = 14.81，95%置信区间为1.79至122.51）。