Chafe Zoë A, Brauer Michael, Klimont Zbigniew, Van Dingenen Rita, Mehta Sumi, Rao Shilpa, Riahi Keywan, Dentener Frank, Smith Kirk R
Energy and Resources Group, and.
Environ Health Perspect. 2014 Dec;122(12):1314-20. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1206340. Epub 2014 Sep 5.
Approximately 2.8 billion people cook with solid fuels. Research has focused on the health impacts of indoor exposure to fine particulate pollution. Here, for the 2010 Global Burden of Disease project (GBD 2010), we evaluated the impact of household cooking with solid fuels on regional population-weighted ambient PM2.5 (particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm) pollution (APM2.5).
We estimated the proportion and concentrations of APM2.5 attributable to household cooking with solid fuels (PM2.5-cook) for the years 1990, 2005, and 2010 in 170 countries, and associated ill health.
We used an energy supply-driven emissions model (GAINS; Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies) and source-receptor model (TM5-FASST) to estimate the proportion of APM2.5 produced by households and the proportion of household PM2.5 emissions from cooking with solid fuels. We estimated health effects using GBD 2010 data on ill health from APM2.5 exposure.
In 2010, household cooking with solid fuels accounted for 12% of APM2.5 globally, varying from 0% of APM2.5 in five higher-income regions to 37% (2.8 μg/m3 of 6.9 μg/m3 total) in southern sub-Saharan Africa. PM2.5-cook constituted > 10% of APM2.5 in seven regions housing 4.4 billion people. South Asia showed the highest regional concentration of APM2.5 from household cooking (8.6 μg/m3). On the basis of GBD 2010, we estimate that exposure to APM2.5 from cooking with solid fuels caused the loss of 370,000 lives and 9.9 million disability-adjusted life years globally in 2010.
PM2.5 emissions from household cooking constitute an important portion of APM2.5 concentrations in many places, including India and China. Efforts to improve ambient air quality will be hindered if household cooking conditions are not addressed.
约28亿人使用固体燃料做饭。研究主要关注室内接触细颗粒物污染对健康的影响。在此，针对2010年全球疾病负担项目（GBD 2010），我们评估了家庭使用固体燃料做饭对区域人口加权环境PM2.5（粒径≤2.5微米的颗粒物）污染（APM2.5）的影响。
我们估算了1990年、2005年和2010年170个国家中因家庭使用固体燃料做饭导致的APM2.5比例和浓度（PM2.5 - cook），以及相关的健康不良影响。
我们使用一个能源供应驱动的排放模型（GAINS；温室气体与空气污染的相互作用及协同效应）和源 - 受体模型（TM5 - FASST）来估算家庭产生的APM2.5比例以及家庭使用固体燃料做饭产生的PM2.5排放比例。我们利用GBD 2010中关于APM2.5暴露导致健康不良影响的数据来估算健康效应。
2010年，家庭使用固体燃料做饭占全球APM2.5的12%，在五个高收入地区占比为0%，而在撒哈拉以南非洲南部地区占比为37%（总量6.9微克/立方米中的2.8微克/立方米）。在居住着44亿人口的七个地区，PM2.5 - cook占APM2.5的比例超过10%。南亚地区家庭做饭产生的APM2.5区域浓度最高（8.6微克/立方米）。基于GBD 2010，我们估计2010年全球因使用固体燃料做饭接触APM2.5导致37万人死亡以及990万伤残调整生命年。
家庭做饭产生的PM2.5排放在包括印度和中国在内的许多地方是APM2.5浓度的重要组成部分。如果不解决家庭做饭条件问题，改善环境空气质量的努力将受到阻碍。
