Department of Psychology, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA.
Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA.
Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol. 2022 Feb;50(2):149-161. doi: 10.1007/s10802-020-00736-2. Epub 2020 Nov 20.
Parents' emotion socialization (ES) practices impact socioemotional development throughout adolescence. Little is known, however, regarding the neurobiology underlying these effects. This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine how parent ES practices relate to adolescent brain function during emotion processing. Thirty-three adolescents (ages 14-16) reported on ES practices of a focal parent (primarily mothers) using the Emotions as a Child (EAC) Scale. Adolescents also completed a conflict discussion task with this parent, and parents' statements were coded for emotional valence. Adolescents performed two fMRI tasks: a standard emotion processing (EP) task (n = 32) and the Testing Emotional Attunement and Mutuality (TEAM) task (n = 27). The EP task consisted of viewing emotional pictures and either reacting naturally or using cognitive reappraisal to regulate emotional responses. The TEAM task was performed with the parent and included trials during which adolescents were shown that their parent made an error, costing the dyad $5. Parent negative verbalizations during the conflict discussion were associated with greater activity in the thalamus during the emotion reactivity condition of the EP task and in the thalamus, superior medial and superior frontal gyri, anterior insula, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during the costly error condition of the TEAM task. Unsupportive ES was associated with greater activity in the supplementary motor area and less activity in the paracentral gyrus and amygdala during the costly error condition of the TEAM task. This study supports the premise that ES influences adolescents' emotion-related neural processing, particularly when using ecologically valid tasks in social contexts.
父母的情绪社会化（ES）实践会影响青少年整个青春期的社会情绪发展。然而，关于这些影响的神经生物学基础知之甚少。本研究使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）技术，研究父母的 ES 实践如何与青少年在情绪处理过程中的大脑功能相关。33 名青少年（年龄在 14-16 岁之间）使用《儿童情绪》（EAC）量表报告了主要是母亲的 ES 实践。青少年还与该家长一起完成了一项冲突讨论任务，家长的陈述按情绪效价进行了编码。青少年进行了两项 fMRI 任务：一项标准情绪处理（EP）任务（n=32）和测试情绪协调和互惠（TEAM）任务（n=27）。EP 任务包括观看情绪图片，并自然反应或使用认知重评来调节情绪反应。TEAM 任务是与家长一起进行的，包括试验，在这些试验中，青少年看到他们的家长犯了一个错误，使两人损失了 5 美元。在冲突讨论期间，父母的负面言语与 EP 任务中情绪反应条件下丘脑的活动增加以及 TEAM 任务中昂贵错误条件下丘脑、上内侧和上额回、前岛叶和背外侧前额叶皮质的活动增加有关。非支持性 ES 与补充运动区活动增加以及 TEAM 任务中昂贵错误条件下旁中央回和杏仁核活动减少有关。本研究支持 ES 影响青少年情绪相关神经处理的前提，尤其是在社会情境中使用生态有效任务时。
