National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Medicine and Pharmacy Faculty, University of Oradea, 5 Armatei Romane Street, 3700, Oradea, Romania.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Jun;29(26):40079-40093. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-18879-8. Epub 2022 Feb 3.
Soil contamination represents a serious and significant issue, especially when it comes to soil used in agricultural practices. This research was carried out in order to investigate the accumulation level of potentially toxic trace elements (Cr, Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in soil and vegetables (Solanum lycopersicum and Daucus carota). The transfer of the trace elements from soil to vegetables and the potential risk assessment were studied as well. Results indicated relatively high levels of heavy metals. Cd, Cu and Pb exceeded the alert limits established by the Romanian legislation. Zn was high as well. Positive correlations between the Cr, Cu and Pb indicated similar source of pollution, possibly related to the activities occurred in the non-metallic facility, nearby the study area. The heavy metals determined in the Solanum lycopersicum fruits and Daucus carota roots were below the maximum allowable concentrations, according to the WHO/FAO guideline. Slightly higher amounts of Cr and Cu were measured in tomatoes, compared to the carrots. Nevertheless, carrots were richer in Ni and Mn. The applied pollution indices indicated a contamination with heavy metals in 90% of the soil samples, with 9% probability of toxicity, the remaining 10% being classified into the precaution domain category. The plant bioconcentration of heavy metals into the Solanum lycopersicum fruits and Daucus carota roots is characterized using transfer factors. Generally, the results indicate that Daucus carota was the most susceptible to uptake Cu and Mn, while Solanum lycopersicum would rather uptake Cd and Zn. The estimated non-carcinogenic risk, based on the human health risk indices, indicates that the studied vegetables are safe for consumption with no impact on the human health. The results are lower than the critical value. Similarly, the carcinogenic risk indices results showed acceptable risks of cancer developing. It is important to assess and monitor the heavy metals levels in soil and in the vegetables intended to be consumed, in order to prevent contamination and potential negative effects on the environment and implicitly on the human health. The obtained data can be used in remediation techniques, as well as in implementing control measures of heavy metal contamination in soil and vegetables.
土壤污染是一个严重且重大的问题，尤其是在农业实践中使用的土壤。这项研究旨在调查土壤和蔬菜（番茄和胡萝卜）中潜在有毒痕量元素（Cr、Cd、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb 和 Zn）的积累水平。同时还研究了痕量元素从土壤向蔬菜的迁移以及潜在的风险评估。结果表明重金属含量较高。Cd、Cu 和 Pb 超过了罗马尼亚立法规定的警戒限值。Zn 也很高。Cr、Cu 和 Pb 之间的正相关表明存在类似的污染来源，可能与研究区域附近非金属设施的活动有关。根据世界卫生组织/粮农组织的指导方针，在番茄果实和胡萝卜根中测定的重金属含量低于最大允许浓度。与胡萝卜相比，番茄中略高的 Cr 和 Cu 含量。然而，胡萝卜富含 Ni 和 Mn。应用的污染指数表明，90%的土壤样本受到重金属污染，毒性概率为 9%，其余 10%被归类为预防域类别。使用转移因子对重金属在番茄果实和胡萝卜根中的植物生物浓缩进行了表征。一般来说，结果表明胡萝卜对 Cu 和 Mn 的吸收能力最强，而番茄则更倾向于吸收 Cd 和 Zn。基于人类健康风险指数估计的非致癌风险表明，研究的蔬菜可安全食用，对人体健康没有影响。结果低于临界值。同样，致癌风险指数的结果表明，癌症发展的风险可以接受。评估和监测土壤和拟食用蔬菜中的重金属水平非常重要，以防止污染和对环境以及人类健康产生潜在负面影响。所获得的数据可用于修复技术，以及在土壤和蔬菜中实施重金属污染控制措施。
