Laboratory of Treatment and Shape of Polymers, University M'Hamed Bougara of Boumerdes, Boumerdes 35000, Algeria.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University M'hamed Bougara of Boumerdes, Boumerdes 35000, Algeria.
Molecules. 2024 Sep 4;29(17):4187. doi: 10.3390/molecules29174187.
This study investigates heavy metal contamination in soils, irrigation water, and agricultural produce (fruits: (grape), (melon), and (watermelon); vegetables: L. (tomato), (zucchini), (carrot), (lettuce), (potato), and L. (green pepper)) in the Boumerdes region of Algeria. The concentrations of seven heavy metals (cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)) in soil and food samples were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometry. Health risks associated with these metals were evaluated through the estimated daily intake (EDI), non-carcinogenic risks (using target hazard quotient (THQ), total target hazard quotient (TTHQ), and hazard index (HI)), and carcinogenic risks (cancer risk factor (CR)). Statistical analyses, including cluster analysis (CA) and Pearson correlation, were conducted to interpret the data. The results revealed the highest metal transfer as follows: Cd was most significantly transferred to tomatoes and watermelons; Cr to carrots; Cu to tomatoes; and Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn to lettuce. Among fruits, the highest EDI values were for Zn (2.54·10 mg/day) and Cu (1.17·10 mg/day), with melons showing the highest Zn levels. For vegetables, the highest EDI values were for Fe (1.68·10 mg/day) and Zn (8.37·10 mg/day), with potatoes showing the highest Fe levels. Although all heavy metal concentrations were within the World Health Organization's permissible limits, the HI and TTHQ values indicated potential health risks, particularly from vegetable consumption. These findings suggest the need for ongoing monitoring to ensure food safety and mitigate health risks associated with heavy metal contamination.
本研究调查了阿尔及利亚布米尔达斯地区土壤、灌溉水和农产品（水果：（葡萄）、（甜瓜）和（西瓜）；蔬菜：L.（番茄）、（南瓜）、（胡萝卜）、（生菜）、（土豆）和 L.（青椒））中的重金属污染。采用原子吸收光谱法分析土壤和食品样品中七种重金属（镉（Cd）、铬（Cr）、铜（Cu）、铁（Fe）、镍（Ni）、铅（Pb）和锌（Zn））的浓度。通过估计每日摄入量（EDI）、非致癌风险（使用目标危害系数（THQ）、总目标危害系数（TTHQ）和危害指数（HI））和致癌风险（癌症风险系数（CR））评估这些金属的健康风险。包括聚类分析（CA）和 Pearson 相关性在内的统计分析用于解释数据。结果表明，重金属的转移最高如下：Cd 主要转移到番茄和西瓜；Cr 转移到胡萝卜；Cu 转移到番茄；Fe、Ni、Pb 和 Zn 转移到生菜。在水果中，Zn（2.54·10 mg/day）和 Cu（1.17·10 mg/day）的 EDI 值最高，其中甜瓜的 Zn 含量最高。对于蔬菜，Fe（1.68·10 mg/day）和 Zn（8.37·10 mg/day）的 EDI 值最高，其中土豆的 Fe 含量最高。尽管所有重金属浓度均在世界卫生组织允许范围内，但 HI 和 TTHQ 值表明存在潜在的健康风险，特别是来自蔬菜的消费。这些发现表明需要进行持续监测，以确保食品安全并减轻与重金属污染相关的健康风险。
